A/HRC/41/36/Add.1 Number of individual cases raised by gender (%) 33 44 Male 44% Female 8% 15 1.4 Both 15% 8 Unknown 33% Type of Violation 21. The main alleged violations covered by the communications transmitted during the reporting period were: (a) Non-respect of international standards on safeguards and restrictions relating to the imposition of capital punishment (“Death penalty safeguards”); (b) Death threats and fear of imminent extrajudicial executions by State officials, paramilitary groups, or groups cooperating with or tolerated by the Government, as well as unidentified persons who may be linked to the categories mentioned above, when the Government is failing to take appropriate protection measures (“Death threats”); (c) Deaths in custody or custody like settings owing to torture, neglect, or the use of force, or fear of death in custody due to life-threatening conditions of detention (“Deaths in custody”); (d) Deaths due to the use of force by law enforcement officials or persons acting in direct or indirect compliance with the State, when the use of force is inconsistent with the criteria of absolute necessity and proportionality (“Excessive force”);5 (e) Deaths due to attacks or killings by security forces of the State, or by paramilitary groups, death squads, or other private forces cooperating with or tolerated by the State (“Attacks or killings”); (f) Deaths due to attacks or killings by non-State actors not cooperated with or tolerated by the State or where there is no information on the affiliation of the perpetrators (“Attacks or killings by NSA”); (g) Expulsion, refoulement or return of persons to a country or a place where their lives are in danger (“Expulsion”); (h) Due diligence obligations of the State particularly with regards to attacks or killings by non-State actors; lack of investigation or accountability, leading to impunity, lack of compensation or concerns for the rights of victims (“Due diligence/impunity”); (i) 5 10 Concerns about a legislative or policy framework (“Legislation”). Where there is evidence of an intent to kill on the part of law enforcement officials in situations where there is clearly no justification for resort to lethal force, cases have been counted as attacks or killings.