A/HRC/43/32 sharing information and reinforcing recommendations with a view to prompting Governments to eliminate discriminatory legislation, policies and practices. B. Challenges and lessons learned 52. Participants noted that African migrants were usually stigmatized and subjected to discrimination and ill-treatment in places where they had settled and were often prevented from moving freely. 53. Participants noted with concern the lack of a procedure for refugee determination and the discriminatory practices in that regard. They deplored the fact that African minors were not given special attention and were merely included in the general category of migrants, that they did not enjoy psychosocial support and that they rarely benefited from integration programmes. The lack of procedures to facilitate family reunification was also emphasized. 54. Participants stressed that migrant children, including undocumented children and the children of undocumented parents, were particularly vulnerable to abuse and exploitation, which pointed to the need for stronger cross-border protection mechanisms. 55. It was observed that although many European countries had adopted measures to prevent and combat racism and racial discrimination, such prejudice persisted. For instance, people of African descent did not enjoy equal employment opportunities despite non-racist employment advertisements. 56. Participants noted that, within the European Union, the human rights situation of people of African descent had only been addressed relatively recently and possibly as a direct consequence of the International Decade for People of African Descent and the engagement of civil society. The development of new standards had resulted from the interaction between a multitude of international, regional and national actors, including civil society, all of whom had provided specific expertise in the elaboration of resolutions and recommendations. 57. Participants flagged the reluctance of some African States to adopt the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. They highlighted the fact that African indigenous communities lived in precarious conditions and experienced discrimination and stigma for their lifestyles or backgrounds. Operations of the private sector leading to deforestation were outlined as having had a negative impact on indigenous communities. C. Recommendations 58. Participants recommended that: (a) All States Members of the United Nations disaggregate data on people of African descent within their respective jurisdictions; (b) The Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions and national human rights institutions play a significant role to promote States’ compliance with the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, to prevent intolerance and xenophobia; encourage the signing and ratification of international human rights treaties, including the Convention; and ensure that States uphold their obligations under the treaties to which they are party; (c) A special envoy function be established within the African continent to address the concerns of African migrants and, in particular, to ensure States’ compliance with the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, both aimed at providing effective protection to migrants; (d) The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination and the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families hold meetings in various locations in the field and on site with regional human 9