A/HRC/43/32 C. Challenges 33. Participants noted that the recommendations issued by regional and international human rights mechanisms related to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action were insufficiently implemented. Several participants highlighted the specific challenge posed by States being involved in harmful practices, including through their police forces, threatening the rights of people of African descent and human rights defenders. 34. Participants observed the emergence of racism based on identity and religion and the normalization of hate speech and nationalism in politics. Some expressed concern that such trends may hinder international peace and security, as well as the economy. In that context, participants underscored the need for effective national institutions capable of investigating allegations of racism and discrimination and providing compensation to victims. D. Recommendations for enhanced cooperation 35. In order to enhance cooperation between international and regional mechanisms and organizations, the panellists suggested: (a) Establishing a core group of national human rights institutions and regional mechanisms to facilitate the sharing of information and expertise in combating racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance; (b) Enhancing the engagement of human rights defenders and other stakeholders with international and regional human rights mechanisms and reinvigorating partnerships on preventive efforts, including by fostering the social inclusion of all groups as a conflict prevention measure; (c) Building the capacity of national stakeholders to collect and disaggregate data and indicators with regard to specific groups with a view to measuring progress towards the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals. 36. Moreover, the United Nations and regional human rights mechanisms should systematically exchange information with experts conducting country visits, field missions and research at the national level and foster cooperation among stakeholders to effectively combat racism. 37. Concerning legal and institutional frameworks, participants recommended advocating for the adoption of national legal frameworks and mechanisms that deal with issues related to racial discrimination, racism and xenophobia, including measures to combat hate speech in the media. IV. Critical link between the right to development and the sustainable development goals 38. The speakers highlighted issues related to discrimination and the principle of leaving no one behind. In that regard, they stressed their concern about the lack of disaggregated data and statistics, including by race, ethnicity, migratory status, gender, age, disability, geographic location, income and other relevant characteristics, to support monitoring of the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. 39. Participants noted the need to take urgent steps to improve the quality, coverage and availability of disaggregated data to ensure that no one is left behind. They highlighted actions taken with the involvement of their institutions to tackle such issues, including the collection of specific statistics and the development of programmes, collaboration with financial institutions to develop programmes for people of African descent and cooperation with United Nations specialized agencies, OHCHR and national human rights institutions. Some institutions had held dialogues and published materials on the link between human rights and the Sustainable Development Goals. 6