A/HRC/22/46 and regularize IDP settlements;89 and to support the most vulnerable through legal aid on housing, land and property issues, both in statutory and customary law contexts. 90 96. Humanitarian actors and Governments addressing conflicts and natural disasters play an important role with respect to ensuring (or not) security of tenure. Temporary arrangements initiated or supported by humanitarian actors often have long-term impacts; the challenge is to ensure that these reinforce, rather than undermine, tenure security. Coordination between humanitarian and development actors is also essential to guarantee a coherent approach. The Special Rapporteur made recommendations in this regard in a previous report to the General Assembly (A/66/270). She believes those recommendations, together with work done by individual agencies,91 could serve as basis for further operational and strategic guidance. V. Conclusion and recommendations 97. Recognition and protection of security of tenure is one of the most compelling challenges of today’s world and is fundamental to preventing the most egregious forms of eviction, displacement and homelessness. Furthermore, security of tenure, as the cornerstone of the right to adequate housing, is essential for human dignity and to sustain an adequate standard of living. 98. The Special Rapporteur has highlighted the complexity and multifaceted nature of security of tenure, both in practice and in law. While human rights mechanisms and courts at national, regional and international levels have primarily focused on forced evictions, policies and practices pertaining to land tenure have taken a fully different approach, with an emphasis at the start on securing tenure through land titling programmes, based on the granting of property rights. The past decade has seen some developments towards more flexible and encompassing approaches to recognize and protect various forms of tenure. 99. This evolution, from a narrow focus on property rights towards a more expansive recognition of diverse forms of tenure and rights—while still uneven and incomplete—is significant. There is a risk in relying on property rights as the means by which to best secure tenure. Rather, security of tenure should be clearly articulated and grounded in the international human rights framework and expressed in a variety of tenure forms. 100. An obvious need, confirmed by consultations with a wide range of stakeholders, is for more specific and comprehensive human rights guidance on security of tenure. As shown in section III above, existing legal and policy guidance is incomplete and sparse. Many questions remain as to the precise State obligations with respect to conferring legal security of tenure, and the scope and content of security of tenure under international human rights law. In this regard it must be emphasized, however, that people already have a right to security of tenure, as part of their human right to 89 90 91 See Filiep Decorte and Ombretta Tempra, ―Improving living conditions in Bossaso, Somalia‖, Forced Migration Review, No. 34 (2010). See, for example, Norwegian Refugee Council, Housing, Land and Property Training Manual (2011) and Housing, Land and Property Handbook on Design and Implementation of Collaborative Dispute Resolution (2011). For example, resolution 31IC/11/R7 on strengthening normative frameworks and addressing regulatory barriers concerning disaster mitigation, response and recover, adopted at the 31st International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent. 21