A/HRC/4/26 page 17 too high, the targets for heightened scrutiny must be selected on a random rather than on an ethnic or religious basis. In fact, this is what airlines are already routinely doing. As opposed to profiling, random searches are impossible for terrorists to evade and may thus be more effective than profiling.41 62. The Special Rapporteur reminds States of the crucial importance of good community relations for effective measures against terrorism. Successful counter-terrorism operations depend on the cooperation of the communities where the suspects live. The Special Rapporteur therefore calls on States to foster community policing initiatives that build partnerships of trust between law-enforcement agencies and ethnic and other communities. Profiling based on ethnicity, national origin and religion may have the contrary effect of alienating communities from cooperating with law-enforcement authorities and may thus hamper effective gathering of intelligence. III. SUICIDE ATTACKS AS A FORM OF TERRORISM A. Introduction 63. The Special Rapporteur is mindful of the duty of States to protect the life and security of all their inhabitants against terrorist acts. Preventive action such as profiling addressed in the previous chapter of this report is increasingly at the fore of these efforts, both nationally and on the international level. Suicide attacks as a form of terrorism pose a particular challenge to counter-terrorism measures that are both effective and compatible with human rights.42 64. Suicide attacks since 11 September 2001 have received increased attention, both by the security systems of States, and in the public debate on terrorism. States in their counter-terrorism efforts have simultaneously opened new ways to interpret old laws, as well as enacted new laws which seek to increase the possibilities of State and other security personnel to act in identifying and preventing suicide attacks.43 The Special Rapporteur is concerned about the increasing discrepancy between the actions taken by many States and the empirical evidence of what kind of a danger suicide attacks actually pose and which methods can indeed be defined as appropriate. 41 See J.L. Rhee, “Rational and constitutional approaches to airline safety in the face of terrorist threats” (2000) 49 DePaul Law Review 847, p. 870; National Research Council, Measuring Racial Discrimination (2004), p. 200. 42 Reetta Toivanen, “Legal anthropological perspectives on international human rights and the war on terror”, paper presented at the Conference of the European Association for Social Anthropology, Bristol, United Kingdom, 18 to 21 September 2006. 43 See, Stefanie Schmal, “The prosecution of terrorists in national law”, in Harald C. Scheu (ed.), Legal Aspects of Counter-Terrorism, Prague, 2005, pp. 155-175; and John Collins, Ross Glover (eds.), Collateral Language, New York, 2002.