A/HRC/43/42/Add.1 global average. Much of this violence is underreported.38 Women and girls with albinism are at particular risk of sexual and gender-based violence, due to a belief that having sexual intercourse with a person with albinism can cure HIV/AIDS. Women with albinism are more likely to fall prey to sexual violence than men. 88. Many children with albinism are brought up by single mothers, because the father of the child often leaves when the woman gives birth to a child with albinism. The single parent and the child often lead a life of poverty and exclusion, which can lead to tragic consequences such as infanticide.39 89. In rural areas of South Africa there is still a very strong suspicion, based on anecdotal reports, that babies with albinism are strangled at birth or left to die. (k) Migrants, refugees and asylum seekers 90. The Independent Expert was informed of persons with albinism who had been forced to flee to South Africa, from conflicts and attacks in neighbouring countries. The relative safety of persons with albinism in South Africa has been adversely affected by discrimination. 40 In the context of challenges related to racism and xenophobia, migrant persons with albinism are at a heightened risk of being targeted, both for being a foreigner and for albinism. They are also likely to be living without basic social services, including proper housing. Around 30 per cent of undocumented migrant, refugee and asylum-seeking children are not enrolled in formal education.41 VI. Conclusions and recommendations 91. The Independent Expert notes that in the spectrum of priorities that South Africa has under the Sustainable Development Goals, persons with albinism are some of the most marginalized people in the country, who bear the brunt of social and economic inequalities. Progress can be accomplished by implementing concrete measures, both in the form of specific interventions focused on the albinism community alone, for example providing relief and rehabilitation and putting an end to attacks and other extreme forms of human rights violations, and by integrating measures to support persons with albinism into broader measures for the fulfilment of human rights in long-term development initiatives. 92. In order to ensure that the gains to date are sustained and that their situation is not neglected by reason of the gaps identified above, the following recommendations should be implemented by the Government: A. Data and statistics 93. Include a question on albinism, with reference to the comment of the Washington Group on Disability Statistics on albinism, in the forthcoming census, in 2021, in order to securely compile disaggregated data. 94. Conduct a situational analysis to assess the situation of persons with albinism in the country, in both rural and urban areas, and include audits of current services. 95. Highlight the diversity within disability in all training modules, with particular reference to persons with albinism. 38 39 40 41 Human Rights Watch, “South Africa: events of 2018”. See www.underthesamesun.com/sites/default/files/Waiting-to-disappear-International-and-RegionalStandards-for-the-Protection-and-Promotion-of-the-Human-Rights-of-Persons-with-AlbinismJune2017.pdf. “‘We thought we will be safe here’: narratives of Tanzanian albinos in Kenya and South Africa”, available at https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7209/4034159376d1ba65f8a0f01da7bae73e6dad.pdf. See E/C.12/ZAF/CO/1. 17