A/HRC/19/20 per cent compared to 2009.26 In 2011, almost 10,000 Palestinian-owned trees, mainly olive trees, were damaged or uprooted by Israeli settlers, severely affecting the livelihood of hundreds of Palestinian families.27 29. During the reporting period, OHCHR closely monitored the situation in the village of Qusra, in the northern West Bank, which witnessed a spike in settler violence during 2011 and particularly during September. The attacks took various forms and are emblematic of the phenomenon of settler violence throughout the West Bank. On 6 October 2011, at least 200 trees belonging to four Palestinian families were uprooted and/or damaged in Qusra. On 23 September 2011, as noted above, following clashes between Palestinians and settlers, an unarmed Palestinian civilian was shot dead with live ammunition by IDF. During the same incident, two minors were detained by IDF for two hours in a tent located between the village and the Esh Kodesh outpost, during which they were beaten by both IDF soldiers and settlers and insulted. On 16 September 2011, one unarmed Palestinian was injured with live fire by a settler after armed settlers trespassed onto his land. During the same incident, one minor was injured in his leg when the settlers released their dog on the minor. On 5 September 2011, a mosque in the village was vandalized and torched. Insulting graffiti was sprayed on its walls. On 26 August 2011, a Palestinian minor was injured by live ammunition used by IDF following clashes between settlers and Palestinians. On 7 March 2011, at least 12 Palestinians sustained serious injuries as a result of live fire shot by both IDF and armed settlers. During this incident, accounts collected by OHCHR indicate that the injured Palestinians were assaulted simultaneously by both IDF and armed settlers (A/66/364, para. 24). 30. The failure of IDF to protect Palestinians and their property from violence by Israeli civilians continues to be a growing concern. The lack of accountability for these violent acts, which is exacerbated by the existence of a dual legal system - civil courts for Israeli civilians and a less protective military justice system for Palestinians suspected of involvement in crimes - contributes to increased tension between Palestinians and Israelis (ibid, para. 31). OHCHR documented several cases where IDF appeared to provide direct support to settlers when they attacked Palestinian communities and focused their efforts in dispersing Palestinians or removing them from their lands rather than preventing Israeli settlers from trespassing onto private Palestinian land and attacking Palestinians and their property. Reports of the Government of Israel suggest that this failure may in some instances be a result of the insufficient knowledge of some IDF soldiers about their duty to protect Palestinians (ibid., para. 30). At the same time, it should be noted that IDF in many contexts does successfully act to prevent incidents and to ensure accountability, which suggests that the required capacity is available. 31. Filing a complaint against settlers or IDF is often a complicated and intimidating process for many Palestinians. Many refrain from filing complaints and limit themselves to reporting the case to the Palestinian authorities. However, Palestinian authorities have no jurisdiction with regard to settlers and can only document the damages and/or injuries and send written complaints to 26 27 OCHA, Israeli Settler Violence in the West Bank, fact sheet, November 2011. Available from www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_settler_violence_FactSheet_October_2011_englis h.pdf. Ibid. 11