A/HRC/19/68 The Commission concluded that the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) had conducted a highly precise campaign with a demonstrable determination to avoid civilian casualties. On limited occasions, the Commission confirmed civilian casualties and found targets that showed no evidence of military utility. It was unable to draw conclusions in such instances on the basis of the information provided by NATO, and therefore recommends further investigations. The interim Government faces many challenges in overcoming a legacy of more than 40 years of serious human rights violations and deterioration of the legislative framework, judicial and national institutions. It has nevertheless expressed a commitment to human rights and taken positive steps to establish mechanisms for accountability. The Government is gradually restoring the judiciary by reopening courts and recalling judges, and there has been some progress in the transfer of detainees to central Government control. The Commission is nevertheless concerned by the failure to hold the thuwar committing serious violations to account. Libyan authorities can break with the Qadhafi legacy by enforcing the law equally, investigating all abuses – irrespective of the perpetrator – and ensuring that amnesty processes comply with the State’s obligations under international law. To give effect to its commitment to improve the human rights situation in Libya, the interim Government will need considerable support from the United Nations and the international community. 2