A/HRC/28/44 investigations of attacks against Palestinians tend to raise serious questions about their effectiveness in bringing perpetrators to account. 53. The difference witnessed in the justice systems applied is also matter of concern. Most Palestinians accused of attacks against Israelis are tried by the Israeli military justice system, while Israeli civilians, including settlers, accused of crimes are tried by civilian courts.76 The Israeli military court system imposed on Palestinians in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, does not afford suspects some of the fundamental guarantees of the right to a fair trial, in particular the independence and impartiality of the tribunal (A/67/372, para. 27). VI. Settlements in the occupied Syrian Golan 54. An estimated 21,000 Israeli settlers currently live in the occupied Syrian Golan in 33 settlements heavily subsidised by Israel. These settlements enjoy a number of financial incentives as well as a disproportionate allocation of water resources, which contributes to a higher agricultural yield for settlers. By contrast, approximately 20,000 Syrians, the majority from the Druze community, live in six villages dependent primarily on agricultural income, but disadvantaged by restricted water supplies at higher prices and fewer economic opportunities.77 The exploitation of natural resources in the occupied Syrian Golan, in violation of international law, has continually been supported by the Government of Israel, and includes permits and licences granted to extractive multinational corporations involved in oil and gas mining (A/HRC/25/38, para. 48, and A/68/513, paras. 53-54). The Government’s latest five-year development plan, announced in January 2014, aims to provide better water infrastructure systems and accelerate de-mining efforts to support settler farming communities in the occupied Syrian Golan (A/69/348). 55. The beneficiaries of such developments may include the Israeli wine industry. A total of 14 Israeli wineries, mostly founded in the late 1990s or early 2000s, are based in Israeli settlements in the occupied Syrian Golan, and produce their wine from grapes grown in the occupied territory. The oldest of the wineries based in several settlements in the occupied Golan, Golan Heights Wineries, founded in 1983, produces an estimated 5.4 million bottles of wine annually. Many of the wineries, which market their produce globally, reportedly do not label the origin of the grapes accurately on their bottles. 78 56. The Government is also reportedly focusing on investing in education for the benefit of settlers in the occupied Syrian Golan. In August 2014, it was reported that an Israeli academic institution, Ohalo College, based in Katzrin settlement in the occupied Syrian Golan, was offering a wide range of financial incentives to prospective students in order to increase enrolments.79 The Secretary-General reiterates that the Security Council, in its resolution 497 (1981), reaffirmed that the acquisition of territory by force is inadmissible, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, the principles of international law, and relevant Security Council resolutions, and decided that the decision of Israel to impose 76 77 78 79 16 The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination recommended that Israel ensure equal access to justice for Palestinians and Israelis, including settlers; see CERD/C/ISR/CO/14, para. 27. Patrick O. Strickland, “Residents in occupied Golan Heights fear creeping Israeli presence”, 12 February 2015. Forbidden Fruit: the Israeli Wine Industry and the Occupation (Tel Aviv, Who Profits, April 2011). On the labelling of products from settlements in the West Bank, see A/HRC/22/63, para. 99. “As world watched Gaza, Israel announced 1472 new settlements in West Bank”, Mondoweiss, 30 August 2014.