A/HRC/45/51 reduce prison overcrowding. In this context, she takes note of the Ministry of Interior’s renewed commitment to work with the Ministry of Justice to address overcrowding in prisons. E. Right to work and adequate standard of living 65. The Special Rapporteur notes that Cambodia has a complex labour situation spanning the public and private sectors, as well as formal and growing informal sectors. Many people hold several jobs or use several income-generating options to secure an adequate standard of living. The COVID-19 pandemic response in Cambodia has negatively impacted the right to work and an adequate standard of living for many. Livelihoods are also likely to be affected by the separate decision taken by the European Union to withdraw certain trade preferences. 59 The rights are analysed below, given the conflation of socioeconomic impact. Cognisance should be given to the details of the Government Covid-19 response as outlined in the addendum under paragraph 65. 66. The Special Rapporteur has previously expressed concern over labour rights in Cambodia, including with regard to discrimination and trade unions. She had considered the situation of marginalized people, including women, migrant workers, relocated groups and persons in street situations. 60 On trade unions, the Special Rapporteur welcomed the consultative process to review the law on trade unions,61 but she regrets that the amendments do not yet ensure the law’s compliance with all relevant international human rights and labour standards. The amendments are listed in the comments received by the Government that pertain to paragraphs 66 and 93 (e). 67. While Cambodia had continued exhibiting strong economic growth, the tourism and garment sectors have been adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The Asian Development Bank has intimated an expected slowing in economic growth for 2020. 62 The World Bank has also warned of turbulent economic times ahead for Cambodia and other countries in the region.63 This has clear consequences for many Cambodian people, especially those who remain in the “near poor” classification, for whom any economic shock can have devastating consequences for them and their household. 68. The Special Rapporteur received information from the United Nations country team in Cambodia that the country has been facing an economic crisis driven primarily by demand shocks and not by supply disruptions, as there was no major COVID-19 outbreak in the country. The fall in demand in the textile sector ranged between 40 per cent and 60 per cent of output. International tourist arrivals have fallen by approximately 90 per cent. The construction sector, which accounts for 44 per cent of gross domestic product, remains unpredictable, as there is no certainty in demand, although some inputs have fallen by approximately 40 per cent. 69. The Special Rapporteur has frequently received concerns on human rights issues arising from microcredit, microfinance and debt. Cambodia has the highest microloan debt per borrower in the world at around $3,800. 64 Over 2.6 million Cambodians reportedly hold microfinance loans, collectively worth over $10 billion. 65 These numbers do not include 59 A/HRC/42/60, para. 10. A/HRC/42/60/Add.1. 61 A/HRC/42/60, para. 53. 62 www.adb.org/countries/cambodia/economy. 63 World Bank Group, East Asia and Pacific in the Time of COVID-19 – East Asia and Pacific Economic Update: April 2020 (Washington, D.C.: World Bank). 64 Skylar Lindsay, “Cambodian workers owe $10 billion in microfinance debt as COVID-19 wipes out incomes”, ASEAN Today, 30 April 2020. Skylar Lindsay, “Cambodian workers owe $10 billion in microfinance debt as COVID-19 wipes out incomes”, ASEAN Today, 30 April 2020. 66 According to a recent report issued by two local nongovernmental organizations, microloan growth has outpaced income growth in the country. The penetration rate of microfinance loans in some provinces exceeds 80 per cent of households, and many borrowers take additional formal or informal loans to pay back other debts. (Cambodian League 60 14