A/HRC/18/54 consent to any other State without a prior reasonable and objective examination of the circumstances of that particular individual’s case. This due process right ensures that all grounds under international and national law that may avoid the expulsion of the individual are duly taken into account. Such grounds can include the prohibition of refoulement, family reunification, protection of victims of trafficking, the rights of unaccompanied or separated children, subsidiary or temporary protection considerations, and other grounds arising from health needs, and particular individual circumstances. 47. In order to ensure safeguards against the arbitrary expulsion of migrants, it is important that State officials who make decisions relating to expulsion, including border guards, should be able to appreciate the full range of arguments that weigh against the expulsion of a particular individual, be adequately trained on relevant standards of national and international law (including international refugee law and human rights law) and be in an effective position to corroborate relevant elements where necessary. III. Response of the international community 48. The initiatives described below are some of those taken by States and other stakeholders that are of relevance to the situation of migrants and asylum-seekers fleeing recent events in North Africa. A. Rescue at sea 49. A number of search and rescue interventions have been carried out by countries in the Mediterranean region since January 2011. 50. In its recently published Fundamental Rights Strategy, the European Border Control Agency Frontex noted that the “respect and promotion of fundamental rights are unconditional and integral components of effective integrated border management” and stipulated that Frontex joint operations are to take into account “the particular situation of persons seeking international protection and the particular circumstances of vulnerable individuals or groups in need of protection or special care (e.g. separated and unaccompanied children, women, victims of trafficking, and persons with medical needs).”40 51. In June 2011, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe appointed Senator Tineke Strik of the Netherlands to head an inquiry into the death of hundreds of migrants in the Mediterranean since January 2011. B. Protection of vulnerable migrants 52. A number of governmental and non-governmental actors provided emergency humanitarian assistance to migrants and asylum-seekers stranded at borders, including food, water, medical care and psychosocial support. 41 Measures were also taken to improve 40 41 It should be noted that the Parliamentary Committee of the Council of Europe cautioned in its resolution 1821 (2011) that, while welcoming the amendment of rules governing Frontex, “the Assembly is concerned about the lack of clarity regarding the respective responsibilities of European Union states and Frontex and the absence of adequate guarantees for the respect of fundamental rights and international standards in the framework of joint operations co-ordinated by that agency.” See for example “New Tunisian Red Crescent transit camp for migrants fleeing Libya”, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, 15 April 2011. 13