A/HRC/30/70 12. Ms. Hernández Oliver explained how Spain addressed issues of domestic violence, which she said could be applied in other countries. She said that Spain allocated a clear budget line for support and assistance to victims of domestic violence in all areas of their life, including in employment. The Government had focused on collecting and making disaggregated data publicly available. In the area of awareness-raising, it had combined the use of traditional channels, such as the media, with non-traditional actors such as chemists, pharmacists and corporations. She emphasized the importance of political support and commitment for addressing the issue. She also pointed out the importance of early detection, including early signs of violence; addressing prevailing macho and chauvinist attitudes; and the importance of stigmatizing perpetrators. She said that comprehensive legislation that paid appropriate attention to women with disabilities and rural women among others was also critical to eliminating and preventing domestic violence. 13. Addressing the role of men and boys in ending domestic violence, Mr. Hasyim spoke about the work of his organization, a crisis centre for women victims of domestic violence in Indonesia. He said the centre also offered a counselling programme for abusive husbands and a men’s programme for engaging men and boys in ending violence against women. He explained that, in his experience, the majority of women victims of domestic violence chose to remain in the violent relationship as a result of lack of alternative solutions. They were faced with the choice of applying for a divorce or staying with their abusive partner. In that regard, he highlighted the importance of working with male perpetrators to stop the cycle of violence and change their abusive behaviour. 14. He said that they offered training to male perpetrators on sexual and reproductive health and rights, on how to construct healthy relationships and on non-violent communication skills. They also offered premarital counselling for both men and women and classes on motherhood and fatherhood. He said that one of the challenges of working with male perpetrators was the high dropout rates, which he said could be addressed if the Government made this training mandatory. He noted that changes to the domestic violence act in Indonesia had given judges the power to require perpetrators to attend counselling, although there had yet to be a government-funded programme on counselling male abusers. He recommended that mandatory counselling sessions be integrated into programmes and policies for domestic violence prevention. 15. Ms. Lasagabaster said that although progress had been made by States in the adoption of laws and policies, as well in improving justice and service responses for survivors of domestic violence, many challenges remained. She pointed to the lack of strong political will, inadequate resources, policies and procedures; insufficient monitoring, evaluation and enforcement of legislation; lack of coordination among different stakeholders; persistent and entrenched negative stereotypes; and discrimination and gender inequality. 16. She said that prevention was the only way to reduce and eventually eliminate violence against women and girls. However, prevention remained a relatively new area, with a fragmented approach and without critical mass of data and expertise. In this regard, she announced that UN-Women, in collaboration with other United Nations agencies, was finalizing a global inter-agency framework on the prevention of violence against women. The framework was intended to strengthen a shared understanding on the prevention of violence against women, and it included a number of effective strategies. 17. She said the legal frameworks should be complemented by community mobilization, education, awareness-raising, partnerships with media and civil society organizations, including women’s movements, community and religious leaders and programmes that strengthened the involvement of men and boys. 5