A/HRC/33/55 Contents Page I. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 3 A. Challenges ............................................................................................................................... 3 B. Methodology ............................................................................................................................ 3 II. Conflict dynamics ............................................................................................................................ 3 III. Resurging battlefield violence .......................................................................................................... 6 A. Living under fire ...................................................................................................................... 6 B. Living under siege ................................................................................................................... 7 C. Assaults on medical care.......................................................................................................... 9 Continuing violence behind the line ................................................................................................. 12 A. Unlawful killings .................................................................................................................... 12 B. The disappeared and the missing ............................................................................................. 13 C. Hostage-taking ......................................................................................................................... 14 D. Torture ..................................................................................................................................... 15 E. Sexual violence ........................................................................................................................ 16 V. Impact of the conflict on children .................................................................................................... 17 VI. Conclusions and recommendations .................................................................................................. 19 A. Conclusions ............................................................................................................................. 19 B. Recommendations.................................................................................................................... 20 Map of the Syrian Arab Republic..................................................................................................... 22 IV. Annex 2