A/HRC/37/74 Mr. de Negri called for an institutional architecture that enabled the participation of patients and affected populations in social policies and in the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. He argued that the Goals were the object of a “battle of ideas”, with concepts such as universal health coverage still open for interpretation, which could leave many behind. Ms. Bras Gomes emphasized the role of disaggregated data in identifying discriminatory practices and ensuring that no one was left behind economically and in terms of policies and rights. Human rights treaties required that national action plans encompass accessibility, availability and affordability, particular in implementing Goal 3. Mr. Amon stressed the need to ensure a people-centred approach to health and direct engagement with local communities, to ensure that rights were respected in the fight to end all epidemics. He called for strengthened cooperation between civil society and Governments. C. Leaving no one behind: discrimination and the realization of the right to health 19. The Interim Executive Director of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Marijke Wijnrocks, said that the Fund had made it a strategic objective to increase investments in programmes to remove human rights-related barriers to health services. The programmes attacked stigma and discrimination, taught people about their health-related rights, provided legal support, reduced harmful gender norms and gender-based violence, improved the attitudes and practices of health-care workers and the police, and made laws and regulations protective of health. The Fund had made it a requirement that all countries include those programmes in their grant proposals. Civil society, Governments, the United Nations system, other technical partners and donors should help promote more effective programmes for removing human rights-based barriers to health. She hoped they would all join in the move from human rights principles to human rights programmes supporting people to be effective players in determining their own health and well-being. 20. The Chair of the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of Persons Living with HIV and Those at Risk, Vulnerable to and Affected by HIV of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, Soyata Maiga, described the Commission’s efforts to integrate HIV and health in its work and mandates. Addressing those issues was critical, as Africa was particularly affected by HIV and many countries had laws and policies that represented barriers to effective HIV responses. The Committee she chaired had been established in 2010 with a broad mandate that included conducting fact-finding activities on the situation of persons living with HIV and those at risk, and engaging States, civil society and others on the measures needed to advance human rights in response to HIV. The Commission took steps to protect the human rights of persons living with HIV and those at risk by receiving communications concerning human rights violations; issuing urgent appeals, general recommendations and thematic studies; and adopting resolutions on health, HIV and human rights. She recommended that all stakeholders integrate a human rights-based approach to drawing up and implementing plans, policies and programmes to combat HIV. 21. A member of the Regional Steering Committee of the Asia Pacific Transgender Network, Phylesha Brown-Acton, presented data illustrating the challenges and barriers faced by transgender people in accessing transgender-competent general or mental health care. Transgender women were 49 times more likely to be affected by HIV than the general population. There was a need for transgender-positive interpretations of human rights law and jurisprudence, a strong commitment to enforcement of international obligations, and space for transgender voices. The lack of acknowledgement of indigenous specific terminologies for transgender identities in declarations, systems, mechanisms and processes resulted in them being referred to in demeaning and dehumanizing ways. Ignoring indigenous terminology impeded effective country responses and the achievement of fasttrack targets. Moreover, the lack of data on indigenous and transgender peoples resulted in them being left behind. 22. A representative of the Zero TB Initiative, Ulaanbaatar, Batbayar Ochirbat, said that tuberculosis patients in Mongolia experienced discrimination in terms of access to medicines, diagnosis and treatment. The poor availability, poor quality and high prices of 7