A/HRC/25/48 suggested by existing — albeit all too often scarce — data. These developments have been fuelled by global changes that have exacerbated risk factors and are likely to keep unfolding in coming years, raising serious concerns about possible future developments. For this reason, it is important that responses are constantly adapted to a shifting and ever more complex environment. D. Preventing and combating the sale and sexual exploitation of children: Evolving responses 56. In the framework of her mandate, and in particular during her country visits, the Special Rapporteur has had the opportunity to interact with numerous stakeholders and learn about many initiatives aimed at preventing and combating the sale and sexual exploitation of children. Her reports have highlighted various promising approaches that can positively inform policies and practices. 57. As the Special Rapporteur has repeatedly underlined, responses to the sale and sexual exploitation of children need to take into account the complexity and multidimensional nature of the phenomenon. 58. Effective strategies take a systemic approach and include the coordinated strengthening of protective factors and mitigation of risk factors. Throughout her mandate, the Special Rapporteur has consistently emphasized the need for comprehensive approaches that contribute to system-building by ensuring adequate legislation, a sound institutional framework, effective policies, delivery of quality services, and promotion of protective social norms. Responses therefore work in synergy and are mutually reinforcing when adequately coordinated. 1. Child protection strategies 59. While a large number of action plans and strategies have been developed, they are very often only partially or incompletely implemented in some countries owing to: • Weak capacities of the institutions responsible for the design, implementation and monitoring of action plans and strategies; • Inadequate allocations of budget and qualified human resources; • Multiple sectoral action plans and insufficient coordination among actors leading to duplication of work and ineffective use of resources; • Shortage or absence of monitoring and assessment mechanisms to measure the impact of actions undertaken. 60. In order to overcome these challenges, a strong child protection system is indispensable.38 UNICEF actively promotes and supports the implementation of such systems; with input from civil society, it assisted in developing the 2012 Children’s Code in Kyrgyzstan, which includes provision for the establishment of a comprehensive child protection system. 61. In her thematic reports and country visit reports, the Special Rapporteur has emphasized the importance of a systemic approach and focused her recommendations on the various elements of a child protection system. 38 See the report of the Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography on building rights-based and comprehensive national child protection systems to prevent and combat the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography (A/66/228). 13