A/HRC/31/3/Add.2 partial compliance with a judgment handed down by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.2 19. On 6 December, FARC-EP conducted a ceremony in Bojayá, Chocó to recognize its responsibility and issue a public apology for the civilian deaths and damage caused during a battle with paramilitary forces in 2002. This symbolic event, in which the State also recognized its responsibility, is historic. OHCHR-Colombia provides advisory support for this process, which requires additional action by the State and FARC-EP to empower and address the rights of the residents of Medio Atrato, Chocó. 20. The High Commissioner applauds the presidential decision to request United Nations support for the peace process. The international response must adapt to the Colombian context and characteristics. This will be one of the first such operations since the launch by the Secretary-General of the Human Rights Up Front initiative to ensure early and effective United Nations action to prevent or respond to large-scale violations of human rights and/or international humanitarian law. The High Commissioner’s annual reports on the situation in Colombia document how the conflict’s impact on civilians extends beyond the direct effect of hostilities, undermining the free exercise of rights necessary for peace. 21. The peace process presents numerous challenges, but greater opportunities to improve the enjoyment of human rights. The challenges, including illicit economies, require budgetary changes and the will to invest in change opportunities. The compartmentalization of collective State responsibilities and practices that prioritize process over results is an approach that must be discarded in order to reflect the comprehensive nature of the peace agreements and realize their objectives. III. Peacebuilding: opportunities and risks for human rights 22. On 9 December, the President of the Republic stated that respect for human rights represents a sound development plan for Colombia. The High Commissioner considers that maximizing the opportunity of the peace agreements will depend on the capacity to create cultural, institutional, political and economic change in order to enhance human rights enjoyment by the most excluded sectors. Based on 18 years of monitoring in the country, the High Commissioner considers that change must come in the following interrelated areas. A. Violence 23. OHCHR-Colombia observed that post-demobilization armed groups and related actors constantly undermine human rights and citizen security, the administration of justice and peacebuilding, including land restitution. The dismantling of the groups that control stolen land through the use or threat of violence represents a permanent challenge to peace. During two weeks in December in the urban centre of Tumaco, Nariño, where State presence is strong, 14 persons, including two children and two women, were killed in incidents that the police linked to such groups. In June, a member of a family claiming land restitution in Turbo, Antioquia, was killed in Ayapel, Córdoba. In northern Urabá, a postdemobilization armed group threatened and harassed campesinos whose land had been stolen. In Magdalena, a land restitution judge suffered repeated threats and, in Cesar, computers containing information on land restitution processes were stolen. 2 6 See Rodríguez Vera and others (the disappeared from the Palace of Justice) vs. Colombia, judgment of 14 November 2014. Available from www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_287_ing.pdf.