A/HRC/41/42/Add.2 Annex Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences on her visit to Nepal Contents Page I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 3 II. General context ............................................................................................................................. 3 III. Incorporation of the international framework on violence against women ................................... 4 IV. State response and measures to address violence against women ................................................. 4 A. Constitutional, legislative and policy framework ................................................................. 4 B. National machinery and independent institutions ................................................................. 6 Manifestations of violence against women, its causes and consequences ..................................... 7 A. Femicide or gender-related killings of women ..................................................................... 8 B. Sexual violence, including rape ............................................................................................ 8 C. Harmful practices.................................................................................................................. 9 D. Trafficking of women and girls ............................................................................................ 11 E. Situation of women in detention ........................................................................................... 12 F. Victims of sexual violence during the conflict ..................................................................... 12 G. Situation of women who encounter multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence .............................................................................................. 13 H. Provision of shelters and access to essential services ........................................................... 15 I. Protection orders ................................................................................................................... 16 J. Emerging forms of violence against women ......................................................................... 16 Conclusions and recommendations ............................................................................................... 16 V. VI. 2