A/HRC/45/6 serious violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law in the conflict to date. The Group believes that they are failing in their responsibilities to ensure respect for international humanitarian law, and that some States may be violating their obligations under the Arms Trade Treaty. Furthermore, such support may amount to aiding and assisting internationally wrongful acts in contravention of international law. VII. Conclusions and recommendations A. Conclusions 103. The Group of Eminent Experts has reasonable grounds to believe that the Governments of Yemen, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, as well as the southern transitional council, to the extent they exercise jurisdiction, and as applicable to each party, are responsible for human rights violations, including arbitrary deprivation of life, enforced disappearance, arbitrary detention, genderbased violence, including sexual violence, torture and other forms of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, the recruitment and use in hostilities of children, the denial of fair trial rights, and violations of fundamental freedoms and economic, social and cultural rights. 104. The Group of Eminent Experts has reasonable grounds to believe that the de facto authorities are responsible for human rights violations in the areas over which they exercise effective control, including arbitrary deprivation of life, enforced disappearance, arbitrary detention, gender-based violence, including sexual violence, torture and other forms of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, the recruitment and use in hostilities of children, the denial of fair trial rights, and violations of fundamental freedoms and economic, social and cultural rights. 105. The Group of Eminent Experts has reasonable grounds to believe that the parties to the armed conflict in Yemen have committed a substantial number of violations of international humanitarian law. Subject to a determination by an independent and competent court, the Group finds that: (a) Individuals in the coalition, in particular from Saudi Arabia, may have conducted air strikes in violation of the principles of distinction, proportionality and precaution, acts that may amount to war crimes; (b) Individuals in the Government of Yemen and the coalition (in particular from Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates) and the southern transitional council have committed, as applicable to each party, acts that may amount to war crimes, including murder of civilians, torture, cruel or inhuman treatment, rape and other forms of sexual violence, outrages upon personal dignity, denial of fair trial, and enlisting children under the age of 15 or using them to participate actively in hostilities; (c) Individuals in the coalition have conducted indiscriminate attacks using indirect-fire weapons, acts that may amount to war crimes; (d) Individuals in the de facto authorities have conducted indiscriminate attacks using indirect-fire weapons and have used anti-personnel landmines, acts that may amount to war crimes; (e) Individuals in the de facto authorities have committed acts that may amount to war crimes, including murder of civilians, torture, cruel or inhuman treatment, rape and other forms of sexual violence, outrages upon personal dignity, denial of fair trial, impeding humanitarian relief supplies, and enlisting children under the age of 15 or using them to participate actively in hostilities. 106. Where possible, the Group of Eminent Experts has identified individuals who may be responsible for such international crimes, and has confidentially transmitted those names to the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. More 17