A/HRC/45/6 4. Landmines 39. The Group of Eminent Experts continued to investigate deaths and injuries directly attributable to the use of anti-personnel and anti-vehicle landmines planted earlier in the conflict by the Houthis in violation of international humanitarian law. 40. On 19 June 2019, for instance, a 15-year-old girl herding sheep in the area of Khasja village, Tawr al-Bahah District, Lahij Governorate, was killed when she stepped on an antipersonnel mine. On 8 January 2020, a 12-year-old boy herding cattle near Ribi village, Qa’tabah District, Dhale’ Governorate, was significantly injured when he stepped on an anti-personnel mine. B. Arbitrary deprivation of life, murder of civilians 41. The loss of life brought about by attacks violating international humanitarian law also represents a violation of the international human rights law prohibition on arbitrary deprivation of life. However, even away from the battlefield, individuals continue to be killed unlawfully at the hands of parties to the conflict. During this mandate, the Group of Eminent Experts investigated six incidents, revealing a pattern of unlawful uses of lethal force by security or law enforcement actors. 42. On 7 June 2019, for instance, members of the Security Belt Forces shot dead five men and injured six men during Friday prayers at the mosque in Mathad village, Azariq District, Dhale’ Governorate, after accusing the worshippers of being affiliated to the Houthis. 43. In early January 2020, the Special Security Forces of the Government of Yemen converted a secondary school near Khubar village, Habban District, Shabwah Governorate, into military barracks. On 1 February, dozens of students demonstrated against the requisition of their school. In response, the Special Security Forces, referred to by witnesses as “Al-Islah militants”, raided Khubar, searching for the students, and arrested two boys, aged 14 and 16 years, detaining them on the basis of their alleged affiliation with the southern transitional council-affiliated Shabwani Elite Forces. Later, when a group of civilian men from the village approached the school to negotiate their release, members of the Special Security Forces guarding the facility opened fire with AK-47 assault rifles, killing two of the men. 44. On 6 April 2020, a 19-year-old male student was driving home with a female friend. Two armed men, allegedly from the southern transitional council forces, stopped the car at a checkpoint in Ma’alla’ district, Aden Governorate. After checking the man’s identification, they asked him to hand over his phone. When he refused, the armed men shot him dead. 45. The Group of Eminent Experts found reasonable grounds to believe that such killings amount to arbitrary deprivation of life under international human rights law and, depending on the level of nexus with the conflict, may also amount to murder under international humanitarian law and war crimes. C. Violations related to the humanitarian situation 46. Rather than being the incidental result of hostilities, the continuous deterioration of the humanitarian situation in Yemen is directly attributable to the conduct of the parties to the conflict. In its previous reports, the Group of Eminent Experts has documented the disproportionate effects on the civilian population of the de facto blockade and access restrictions, including the closure of Sana’a airport, imposed by the coalition and the Government of Yemen. 47. The parties to the conflict also contributed to the worsening humanitarian situation through the manner in which they conducted military operations, and the failure, particularly by the Houthis, to properly facilitate access to humanitarian relief. Certain actions by the parties have diminished the population’s capacity to gain access to basic 8