A/HRC/22/32 reform and alternatives to imprisonment. UNODC also promotes professional standards of conduct among criminal justice practitioners, including police officers, prosecutors and judges, and helps States improve criminal justice case management and monitoring and oversight systems. 13. In 2010–2011, UNODC, through its expanding field office network and its headquarters, supported 50 Member States in establishing effective, fair and humane crime prevention policies, strategies and programmes and reforming criminal justice systems based on the rule of law and in line with the international human rights standards. Main achievements included supporting Member States in developing and/or revising standards and norms relating to violence against women, women prisoners and non-custodial measures for women offenders, access to legal aid civilian private security services and the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners. 14. Additionally, UNODC developed 20 tools covering virtually all areas of crime prevention and criminal justice. They include a variety of handbooks, training curricula and model laws which provide guidance to United Nations agencies, Governments and individuals at each stage of criminal justice reform. New publications include the Handbook on improving access to legal aid in Africa,2 Child-Friendly Legal Aid in Africa,3 Criminal justice reform in post-conflict States: A guide for practitioners,4 Handbook on police accountability, oversight and integrity,5 and Criteria for the Design and Evaluation of Juvenile Justice Reform Programmes.6 Based on the Criminal Justice Assessment Toolkit, UNODC also conducted assessments in 29 countries, either on all crime prevention and criminal justice areas or in a specific area – e.g. juvenile justice. They serve as a starting point for policy development and programme implementation. 15. In the area of police reforms and strengthening of prosecution services and judiciary, UNODC was active in Ethiopia, Guinea-Bissau, Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Mauritius, Seychelles, Somaliland, South Africa, Indonesia, South-East Asia, Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Panama, and the Occupied Palestinian Territory. Main activities concerned comprehensive assessments of the functioning of the criminal justice systems covering access to police, justice, courts, the independence, impartiality and integrity of the judiciary and the prosecution, the distribution of equipment, the realization of training courses and improved monitoring of criminal justice officials. 16. Strategies and programmes on access to legal aid, with particular focus on vulnerable groups in society, were developed in Egypt, Jordan, Liberia, Mauritania, Mexico, Panama, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, and the Occupied Palestinian Territory. Activities focused on training courses for paralegals and criminal justice actors, needs assessments and strengthening of the rule of law, local and State capacities for conflict prevention, peace building in communities. 17. In Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, El Salvador, Panama, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Libya, Nigeria, South Sudan, Uganda, Indonesia, Iran, Lebanon, the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Caribbean, UNODC assisted States in, inter alia, developing alternatives to imprisonment; establishing prison monitoring databases; building functioning penitentiary systems focusing on rehabilitating prisoners and training prison staff. 2 3 4 5 6 6 Criminal Justice Handbook Series, New York, 2011. With UNICEF, 2011. With United States Institute of Peace, New York, 2011. Criminal Justice Handbook Series, New York, 2011. New York, 2011.