A/HRC/41/33/Add.2 characterized as “anti-family” and their gender equality efforts labelled as “gender ideology”, subject to increasing attacks by different conservative religious and political actors. Despite the stigmatizing environment and shrinking public space, women human rights defenders have become even more determined and more active in demanding their rights to equality, including at the grass-roots level. B. Recommendations 82. With regard to legal, policy and institutional frameworks, the Working Group recommends that the Government of Poland: (a) Ratify remaining key international human rights treaties, including the International Convention on the Protection of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and the ILO Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189), and the Optional Protocols to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities; (b) Consider broadening the areas where legal protection is guaranteed on the ground of sex under the Act on Equal Treatment; (c) Establish and implement a comprehensive national strategy and action plan, through broad consultations, including with women’s rights organizations, for gender equality and women’s empowerment, with the appropriate accompanying budget allocations, addressing the specific needs of women facing multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination; (d) Build a stronger institutional architecture for equality, which should include dedicated entities for women’s rights and gender mainstreaming, with sufficient resources and competent staff. Ensure an enabling environment with sufficient allocation of resources for the Office of the Commissioner for Human Rights and coordination and cooperation among different bodies; (e) Keep the legal framework under regular and well-informed review, ensuring its compliance with international standards, to ensure a positive impact on women. 83. With regard to political and public life, the Working Group recommends that the Government: (a) Adopt further effective measures to improve women’s political participation, such as the zipper system, and provide training and support to women candidates; (b) Increase the representation of women at the highest level of the Government and State institutions with a view to achieving gender parity; (c) Secure an enabling environment for women human rights defenders, who should receive a fair share of public funding, and protect them from any intimidation. 84. With regard to economic and social life, the Working Group recommends that the Government: (a) Adopt further measures to increase the participation of women in the labour force, particularly women with disabilities, Roma women and older women, and monitor the impact of social protection measures on women’s labour force participation; (b) Identify the most significant factors contributing to the gender pay gap through analytical work and consultations with social partners and other stakeholders and develop effective remedies to reduce the gender pay gap; (c) Consider the adoption of temporary special measures such as gender quotas for publicly listed companies; 18

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