A/HRC/30/55
It was also argued that, if women were to be able to gain access to education, they would be
able to fully participate and better fulfil their human rights. One participant also noted that
some of the work that peasant women undertook was often invisible and limiting their
access to education. They furthermore argued that States must address structural problems
through targeted policies if they were to improve access to education. Another participant
noted that women faced discrimination based on land policies and cultural practices, as they
were often landless or culturally excluded, as land titles were often registered to the men in
the family. The increasing price of land was also highlighted by one participant, who noted
that it was for that reason that many in developed countries could not become small-scale
farmers and that government policies were hindering their ability to work in rural areas. A
number of NGOs noted that women should be specially recognized throughout the
declaration because they are the poorest among the food-insecure peasants, and
disenfranchised in entitlement to land and other rights. One NGO highlighted the need for
the draft declaration to include miners and communities living in mining areas, and to take
into account States and non-State actors’ responsibilities and obligations towards them.
Another NGO called for the declaration to include specific State obligations to respect,
protect and fulfil the rights of peasants and other people working in rural areas, the State
extraterritorial obligations with regard to those rights, the distinction between progressive
and immediate realization of certain of those rights, and ways to ensure accountability.
36.
Some participants also raised concerns over not including migrants under the
definition of “peasant”. They highlighted the need for special protection measures,
especially in relation to migrant women, as they faced discrimination and limited access to
land and other resources. They highlighted that there was often a lack of protection for
migrants, including no access to health services, water and sanitation.
V. First reading of the draft United Nations declaration on the
rights of peasants and other people working in rural areas
37.
The Chair-Rapporteur noted that there were over 50 international conventions,
covenants and instruments that had been used as the basis for the new draft declaration.
including international human rights treaties and standards developed by the United Nations
human rights mechanisms; regional human rights treaties; General Assembly and Human
Rights Council resolutions; instruments adopted by FAO and ILO; and a number of other
international treaties, outcome documents of international conferences, reports of the
United Nations, as well as instruments developed by civil society, social movements,
academics and experts.
38.
The Chair-Rapporteur introduced articles 1-6, indicating the background of each
article, and opened the floor for comments from representatives of States and civil society
and other participants.
39.
Many States reserved their position because of the late distribution of the draft
declaration. Some stated that it was premature to present a draft at this session. Some
participants raised concerns over the implementation of the declaration, highlighting that
various human rights international declarations lacked implementation even after signing
and ratification by the Member States. A number of participants also raised objections over
the use of the term “peasants”. They noted that the term was derogatory and disrespectful
and asked for more discussion over it. Some participants argued that the definition under
article 1 was narrow and proposed that it to be broader, while others said it was right to
define “peasants” in article 1 of the declaration, but that the proposed definition was too
broad. One State indicated that it would be difficult to comment on the text as it was only
provided in English. That delegation noted that there was no concept of “peasants” in his
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