A/HRC/40/35 should be collected by States, while companies should fully resource civil society’s actions against online violence. 26. Ms. Dad stressed that labelling women human rights defenders as “enemies of the State” had triggered online violence against them. She emphasized the need to adopt laws with multifaceted and rights-based approaches, as well as the importance of addressing the gaps in law enforcement by training law enforcement officers and judges. Ms. Dad recommended that intimidation, threats, violence and reprisals be investigated promptly and independently, whether perpetrated by States or non-State actors. 27. In his concluding remarks, Mr. Mitchell drew on experience within his own organization, highlighting that engaging with men and boys was critical; solutions required educating them on gender equality from an early age. The younger they were when engagement started, the better the outcomes would be. In terms of concrete steps taken by women’s organizations in digital spaces, he referred to the need to focus on holistic security models in addressing harassment and abuse. He stressed the importance of taking personal digital safety seriously in social networks, reporting abuse, working together to find known offenders and engaging in advocacy with States and non-State actors. 28. Ms. Šimonović reminded all participants to look at the human rights framework developed at the international level and how it was translated into national laws and policies, including those relevant to encryption and the anonymity of female human rights defenders and politicians. III. Advancing women’s rights in the economic sphere through access and participation in information and communication technologies 29. The second panel discussion was opened by the Deputy United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. The keynote speech was made by the Minister for Fisheries and Equal Opportunities and Minister for Nordic Cooperation of Denmark, Eva Kjer Hansen. The panel was moderated by Anna Mori, Programme Officer and Partnerships Manager at the SheTrades initiative launched by the International Trade Centre. The panel comprised Chenai Chair, Researcher and Communications and Evaluations Manager at Research ICT Africa; Basheerhamad Shadrach, Coordinator for Asia at Alliance for Affordable Internet of the World Wide Web Foundation; and Rokhaya Solange Ndir, Head of Digital Ecosystem Relations at Sonatel. A. Statement by the Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights 30. In her opening remarks, the Deputy High Commissioner reiterated that the same strengths and weaknesses of the offline world were to be found in the virtual space. As the latter had been built by people, its application and impact inevitably had a human dimension, and therefore a rights dimension. She stressed that ICTs and the “fourth industrial revolution” had changed the ways in which societies operated and changed the bases for exchange, cooperation and even conflict between and within all communities. ICTs therefore inevitably affected the enjoyment of human rights, which could have both a positive and a negative effect on women’s and girls’ rights. The negative impact had been clearly illustrated by the previous panel discussion on online violence against women human rights defenders. 31. Under the right circumstances, ICTs could serve as key enablers of women’s and girls’ rights, such as their rights to equality, health and education, and could be key in tackling multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination. For example, ICTs could provide more affordable and inclusive educational opportunities for girls with disabilities by multiplying and diversifying learning means and methods. She stressed that ICTs could also help realize the right to health in cases where women’s and girls’ physical access to essential information and services, for example on sexual and reproductive health, was restricted or impeded by distance, lack of availability, discriminatory legislation or stigma 6