A/HRC/25/57
agriculture and because of their weaker ability to organize themselves and, thus, to gain a
voice in the political process (A/HRC/9/23, para. 17). The declaration under preparation
can be an important tool to improve their protection and to give greater visibility to the
specific threats that they face.
D.
A new paradigm
29.
In sum, we have entered a new century, and the questions we face now are different
from those of fifty years ago. A new paradigm focused on well-being, resilience and
sustainability must be designed to replace the productivist paradigm and thus better support
the full realization of the right to adequate food. The equation is complex, but it is one that
can be solved.
30.
Firstly, certain types of agricultural development can combine increased production,
a concern for sustainability, the adoption of robust measures to tackle unsustainable
consumption patterns, and strong poverty-reducing impacts. Governments could achieve
this by providing strong support to small-scale food producers, based on the provision of
public goods for training, storage and connection to markets, and on the dissemination of
agroecological modes of production. In addition, measures should be taken to develop local
markets and local food processing facilities, combined with trade policies that support such
efforts and at the same time reduce the competition between the luxury tastes of some and
the basic needs of the others.
31.
Secondly, just as multiple food systems must be combined to improve resilience
through enhanced diversity, different forms of farming can coexist, each fulfilling a
different function. The example of Brazil suggests that family farms can be supported even
in the vicinity of highly competitive, large-scale agricultural producers and that such
coexistence can be viable, provided the government is aware of the different functions that
different agricultural models serve to fulfil, and adopts a balanced approach towards them
(A/HRC/13/33/Add.6, paras. 43 and 44). In many countries, however, this coexistence has
failed, and the balance has shifted almost entirely in favour of the large-scale export-led
agricultural sector. The lesson that emerges is that the transition to agrifood policies that
support the realization of the right to food requires major political efforts to restructure
support around agroecological, labour-intensive, poverty-reducing forms of agriculture.
IV.
The interdependence of reforms
32.
There is a connection between the obstacles faced by low-income countries in their
attempt to improve their ability to protect the right to food of their populations, and the
need for reform in middle- and high-income countries. While a number of reasons explain
the lack of investment in food production to satisfy local needs – including in particular the
burden of foreign debt (which leads countries to focus on cash crops for exports) and the
often weak accountability of governments to the rural poor (A/HRC/9/23, para. 17) – the
addiction to cheap food imports is also caused by massive overproduction in better-off
exporting countries, which is stimulated by subsidies going to the largest agricultural
producers in those countries, and which ensures access to cheap inputs for the food
processing industry. And it is facilitated by the growth of international trade and investment
and the corresponding increase of the role of large agribusiness corporations in the food
systems.
33.
This is the interdependence of reforms. While the rebuilding of local food systems in
developing countries is vital to expand opportunities to small-scale food producers and, at
the same time, to improve access to fresh and nutritious food for all, it depends
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