A/HRC/42/60 and the National Institute of Statistics. In line with target 17.17, the Special Rapporteur recommends enhanced capacity-building support to address this. 23. The commitment to leaving no one behind is also reflected in the Sustainable Development Goals by absolute targets, such as 100 per cent access to quality health care or education, or ending poverty and hunger for all, and by the fact that the 2030 Agenda and the Goals are universally applicable for all people in all countries. That is closely linked to the principle of equality and non-discrimination, requiring equal rights for all, which means reaching everyone, including the most vulnerable, marginalized and excluded. Reaching universal targets will require special attention to be paid to the most disadvantaged groups or areas to ensure that they progress faster than others so that inequalities are progressively reduced. 24. Underlining the importance of the principle of participation, the 2030 Agenda requires the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals in a spirit of partnership, with the participation of all countries, stakeholders and people. Goal 17 emphasizes partnerships, including through encouraging and promoting “effective public, public-private and civil society partnerships” (target 17.17). At the same time, Goal 16 requires “responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels” nationally, including through ensuring public access to information and the protection of fundamental freedoms (targets 16.7 and 16.10). 25. States should establish an accountability framework at the national, regional and global levels. That includes the voluntary review mechanism under the high-level political forum and participatory monitoring mechanisms at the national level. Accountability covers the actions of States and non-State actors, including the business sector, which should be guided by the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. Important for accountability, the data revolution triggered by target 17.18 envisages data that can be disaggregated fully, including on grounds recognized in international human rights law. Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals and human rights 26. The Council of Ministers approved the Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework on 19 November 2018 and the Ministry of Planning released it on 11 March 2019. It presents the national goals, targets and indicators, data sources, national baselines and annual targets, and identifies the agencies responsible for implementation. It explains how the Cambodian Goals feed into the forthcoming national strategic development plan, which is informed by phase IV of the Government’s Rectangular Strategy. The Cambodian Goals include 88 national targets and 148 global and locally-defined indicators, plus an additional goal on ending the negative impact of mines and explosive remnants of war and promoting victim assistance. 27. From a human rights perspective, the importance of leaving no one behind is recognized in the Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals, as reflected in various aspects of the framework, and is identified as one of the criteria for prioritizing and phasing targets at the implementation stage.4 Similarly, the Cambodian Goals reflect many of the aspects of the Sustainable Development Goals that are implicitly related to human rights. There are, however, omissions, notably in Cambodian Goal 16. Of the 12 targets under Sustainable Development Goal 16, the Cambodian Goals reproduce only 3 (the Government advises that this is due to the availability of data and that it will use indirect indicators for others). While these indicators are important – promotion of the rule of law and access to justice; ensuring responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels; and providing a legal identity to all – they are not all commensurate with the ambition of the related targets. For instance, the indicator identified for target 16.3 on promoting the rule of law and ensuring equal access to justice to all is the “proportion of people involved in the dissemination of laws”. In addition, other equally important human rights-related targets are missing, including those related to reducing all 4 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals (CSDGs) Framework (2016–2030), available from https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/dataset/?id=cambodian-sustainable-development-goalsframework-2016-2030. 7

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