A/HRC/42/60 Goals do not include this particular target). Amphetamine-type stimulants are of particular concern and Cambodia has become a major transit country for drugs, although it has high deterrent penalties in its laws on drug control. 13 45. In meeting one goal, it is important nonetheless that attention is paid to those at risk of being left behind so that other goals are not affected negatively – in this case promoting target 3.5 of the Sustainable Development Goals (strengthening prevention and treatment of substance abuse). Since the start of the anti-drug campaign, the prison population has grown from around 22,000 to over 31,000, some 50 per cent of whom are detained for drug-related charges. The National Authority for Combating Drugs and the Minister of Justice informed the Special Rapporteur that all those detained (many in pretrial detention) are charged with serious crimes of trafficking, none with merely possessing drugs for personal use. During her mission however, the Special Rapporteur heard claims to the contrary. 46. The Special Rapporteur has focused in particular on the drug treatment programmes being employed in Cambodia. She visited the community-based treatment services offered at Meanchey district referral hospital and the closed drug rehabilitation centres of Orkhas Khnom and Chivit Thmey. She also learned of the methadone treatment service for opiate users, only available in two hospitals. The Special Rapporteur welcomes government efforts to improve the availability of methadone treatment and the prioritization of community-based treatment, although notes that this is not fully reflected in the Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals.14 The Government states that this is due to the restrictive indicators, although the Ministry of Health included opiates and amphetamine-type stimulants in its strategic health plan for the period 2016–2020 with precise indicators. The Special Rapporteur welcomes the Ministry of Health clinical guidelines on minimum packages of activities for health centres, the training for community-based counsellors and the emphasis on reintegrating affected persons into their communities. She notes the importance of ensuring that affected persons are provided with appropriate vocational training opportunities and discrimination against them is prevented when they then seek reintegration, including at work. 47. However, the Special Rapporteur also highlights her concerns about the involuntary internment of drug-users. While the importance of completing rehabilitation programmes is understood, the ongoing reliance on closed drug centres and the internment of drug users being brought into such centres by their relatives raises concerns that people are detained involuntarily without appropriate authorization and oversight. Human rights principles on drug treatment promote voluntary evidence-based treatment in the community rather than compulsory treatment in closed settings. 15 With new, larger centres being built, such facilities are moving further away from the very communities into which users could reintegrate. Social affairs centres 48. Finally, the Special Rapporteur again visited the Phnom Penh Social Affairs Transit Centre, (Prey Speu). She noted that there were significantly fewer people in the centre than had previously been the case, but noted that many persons with intellectual and psychosocial disabilities remained there. They were held in the centre against their will and/or on the basis of their disability, raising serious concerns about arbitrary detention, lack of adequate care and violations of the rights of persons with disabilities. Since her visit 13 14 15 12 See United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Cambodia overview, available from www.unodc.org/southeastasiaandpacific/en/cambodia/overview.html; and report of the National Authority for Combating drugs (November 2018), available from www.nacd.gov.kh/wpcontent/uploads/2018/11/report_9_month_2018.pdf. Indicator 3.6.1 of the Cambodian Goals is the percentage of people who have received treatment for drug use, but it only measures the “number of opiate addiction cases enrolled at methadone maintenance treatment services and not other types of cognitive behaviour treatment for non-opiate drugs. See United Nations Development Programme and others, “International guidelines on human rights and drug policy” (March 2019).