A/HRC/16/43 include consolidating and systematizing good practices, and more broadly adapting humanitarian responses to IDPs to different types of non-camp settings. 73. Improving our effectiveness and responsiveness to internally displaced persons outside of camps represents not only a humanitarian challenge whose time has come, but also raises a number of dilemmas and opportunities. One aspect which can be perceived as a dilemma is the question of whether and how to specifically assist internally displaced persons in the context of residents of local communities similarly in need. Such situations can occur in the aftermath of conflict-induced displacements as well as in the case of natural disasters, where the displaced merge within host communities which, while not displaced, may have for example lost their livelihoods. At the same time, municipalities and local resources may be placed under increased pressure from the influx of new residents. 74. The Special Rapporteur believes that while the displacement-specific needs of IDPs must be addressed, a community based approach which also addresses the needs of displacement-affected communities and host families is necessary in such situations, and that more predictable systems and standards should be established for this purpose. More clearly established response systems in such settings could have the added benefit of acting as a “push” factor from camps – compelling more persons to avoid resorting to camps or settlements or to move from camps in order to find alternative arrangements and begin the process of reintegration into mainstream society. 75. Assistance to displacement-affected communities may however, require a different approach to humanitarian assistance, so that the concept of assistance extends to include early recovery and development interventions, such as those related to the rehabilitation of key infrastructure necessary for basic services, such as water, sanitation, health and education. In the same vein, communities of return, resettlement or local integration will often require similar assistance in addition to efforts related to livelihoods and reconciliation measures. Situations characterized by mass destruction and displacement either due to conflict or natural disasters, such as the case of Haiti, are examples of the need to think beyond camps and to support all displacement-affected communities; a strategy which will also avoid situations of protracted displacement where IDP residents are unable to leave for lack of alternatives, and where impoverished neighbours sometimes join the camp in order to have access to the basic services that it provides. 76. The mandate will seek to continue to dialogue and work with all relevant actors, including the members of the IASC, within which this issue was raised for discussion earlier this year, in order to improve the humanitarian response and the search for durable solutions for IDPs and displacement-affected communities. 18