A/HRC/39/39 78. The United Nations Guiding Principles on Alternative Development, of 2013, provide that alternative development should take place “taking into account the promotion and protection of human rights”.107 79. The United Nations Development Programme has observed that the displacement of populations because of measures to eradicate illicit crops exacerbates the poverty and insecurity of poor farmers, with a disproportionate impact on rural, ethnic minority and indigenous people.108 Individuals in these rural communities are holders of the rights set out in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, including the right to work and to earn a decent living for themselves and their families, the right to have an adequate standard of living including adequate food, clothing and housing, the right to social security, the right to health and the right to education. 109 80. In terms of the design of alternative development programmes, the participation of those affected, including women, minorities and indigenous peoples, should be essential. Sequencing is crucial, and alternative livelihoods should be functioning and providing an adequate standard of living before eradication of illicit crops starts.110 81. Eradication of illicit crops should not negatively affect the environment or the health and welfare of farmers, their families or other stakeholders. The Committee on the Rights of the Child, the Special Rapporteurs on the right to health, the rights of indigenous peoples and the right to food have all objected to aerial spraying for crop eradication because of the harm it can cause to farmers and their children, as well as to environment. 111 B. International cooperation 82. The outcome document of the thirtieth special session recommended that United Nations agencies and other international stakeholders assist States in effectively addressing “the health, socioeconomic, human rights, justice and law enforcement aspects of the world drug problem”.112 In its resolutions 71/211 and 72/198, the General Assembly encouraged all relevant United Nations bodies and specialized agencies to identify operational recommendations in the outcome document of the thirtieth special session that fell within their area of responsibility and specialization and to commence implementing those recommendations. 83. UNDP is supporting the development of international guidelines on human rights and drug control, together with the International Centre on Human Rights and Drug Policy, UNODC and OHCHR. 113 UNODC has undertaken activities to implement the joint commitments with regard to human rights. These include working with OHCHR and Colombia to ensure human rights are incorporated into the national drug policy of Colombia.114 OHCHR and UNDP in Cambodia are jointly implementing Access to Justice without Barriers for Persons with Disabilities — a project aimed at enhancing the capacity of duty bearers to better understand the obstacles of persons with disabilities, including those who use drugs, in accessing justice. 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 16 See General Assembly resolution 68/196. Submission from UNDP; submission from the Moroccan Association for the Fight against AIDS, p. 2. See also A/HRC/WG.15/5/2. See UNODC/CND/2008/WG.3/2. See CRC/C/COL/CO/3, A/HRC/4/32/Add.2, A/HRC/7/11/Add.3 and A/HRC/4/30/Add.1. See also the Transnational Institute submission. Recommendation 6 (a). See www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/blog/2017/human-rights-and-drug-control--we-mustprovide-solutions-that-le.html. See also the UNDP submission. Submission from UNODC.