A/HRC/43/42 with the Pan-African Parliament, particularly on the development of regional guidelines on harmful practices relating to abuse of witchcraft.3 7. Summaries of allegation letters sent by the Independent Expert during the reporting period are available in the communications reports of special procedures (A/HRC/41/56 and A/HRC/42/65). The Independent Expert continued to focus on earnest, constructive dialogue with Member States and various stakeholders, through formal and informal channels. III. Methodology 8. On 29 March 2019, the Independent Expert sent a questionnaire to stakeholders, including Member States, United Nations offices, national human rights institutions, civil society organizations and individuals, including persons with albinism. 4 The present report is largely based on the compilation of the information received from 97 stakeholders, as well as research 5 and findings from the Independent Expert’s country visits. 6 The submissions received were primarily from Africa, followed by Latin America and Europe. Some information was also received from Asia and the Pacific, and very little from the Middle East and North Africa. 9. The Independent Expert hopes that the present report will shed light on the situation of women and children impacted by albinism, including women and children with albinism, as well as mothers of children with albinism. She hopes to encourage much-needed discussion, data collection and research on issues affecting this group. The Independent Expert notes that repeated references to particular countries and regions in the present report is due to either the quality or the quantity of inputs received in stakeholders’ submissions. Definition 10. Albinism is a relatively rare, non-contagious, genetically inherited condition resulting in little to no pigmentation in the skin, hair and eyes. The condition affects people worldwide regardless of ethnicity or gender. Persons with albinism are highly vulnerable to skin cancer and often have disabilities, mainly as a result of vision impairment and skin impairment. Attitudinal barriers exacerbate discrimination faced by persons with albinism. In addition to disabilities, persons with albinism are recognized as persons who face racial discrimination and stigmatization on the ground of colour (CERD/C/ZAF/CO/4-8, paras. 20–21). IV. Intersecting and multiple discrimination 11. Among persons with albinism, women and children in particular often face intersecting and multiple forms of discrimination. 7 Multiple discrimination entails situations or experiences where discrimination intersects on two or more grounds, thus compounding 3 4 5 6 7 See also the Pan-African Parliament’s resolution on persons with albinism in Africa (PAP.4/PLN/RES/05/May.18). The list of the submissions received by the Independent Expert is available at www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Albinism/Pages/Submissions.aspx. The majority of the submissions were from civil society organizations. She also received submissions from the Governments of the Plurinational State of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Kenya and Slovenia (as indicated in the relevant footnotes). The Independent Expert expresses her appreciation to the International Human Rights Program at the University of Toronto Faculty of Law and to Duncan Dixon, Research Librarian, Trinity Western University, Canada. See www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Albinism/Pages/Reports.aspx. The present report also supplements the Independent Expert’s report on albinism worldwide (A/74/190). See www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Women/WRGS/Report/SpecialProcedures/albinism.docx. 3