A/HRC/42/CRP.3 94. Tatmadaw conglomerates MEHL and MEC are among the largest jade producers in Kachin State and globally.215 MEHL recorded USD 230 million in official sales in 2013 and 2014, the second highest combined sales of any jade company in Myanmar during that twoyear period,216 and in 2016 and 2017, was ranked among the ten highest value producers of jade.217 According to the Myanmar Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI Myanmar), 614 licenses have been awarded to MEHL jade subsidiaries 218. 95. Both of the Tatmadaw’s conglomerates are significant players in the jade business in Hpakant Township, Kachin State, where the Mission has documented international human rights and international humanitarian law violations by the Tatmadaw. 219 MEC has 22 jade permits, with many of them in Hpakant Township, Kachin State. 220 In Hpakant, MEC has a joint venture in the production of jade with Silver Elephant Gems and Jewellery Co. Ltd, 221 which alone produces the fifth highest volume of jade in Myanmar.222 MEHL is also involved in jade production in Hpakant, through its wholly owned subsidiary, Myanmar Imperial Jade, which has a joint venture with Myanmar Aung Naing Yay Moke Oo Company in Hpakant Township, Kachin State.223 96. MEHL is also heavily involved in ruby mining in Shan State. The ruby mines in Mong Hsu in Shan State are under military control.224 No entity can mine there without being subjected to the “explicit or implicit oversight of the Tatmadaw”. 225 A wholly owned ruby mining subsidiary of MEHL, Myanmar Ruby Enterprise, has at least 16 subsidiaries carrying 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 34 See, Paul Shortell, “Tip-Toeing Toward Transparency: Jade and Gemstone Sector Disclosures in Myanmar,” December 2018, Natural Resource Governance Institute (https://resourcegovernance.org/analysis-tools/publications/tip-toeing-toward-transparency-jade-andgemstone-myanmar), data regarding Myanmar as producing 90 per cent of jade in the world, with Kachin State producing the largest amount of jade in Myanmar; and with MEHL and MEC having among the highest officially recorded jade sales in Myanmar. Global Witness, “Jade: Myanmar’s Big State Secret,” 23 October 2015, pg. 40. Global Witness, “Jade: Myanmar’s Big State Secret,” 23 October 2015, pg. 40. Myanmar Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (MEITI): The Fourth Myanmar EITI Report For the Period 1 April 2016 to 31 March 2017 (FY 2016-2017), Oil and Gas, Gems and Jade, Other Minerals and Pearl, 30 March 2019 ( https://myanmareiti.org/sites/myanmareiti.org/files/publication_docs/4th_meiti_report_30_march_20 19_1.pdf) See Annex III. MEHL jade and ruby mining companies. GI-028, GI-023, PI-004, DI-064, PI-104. See Annex III. MEHL jade and ruby mining companies. Marketing and Research Department, Myanmar Economic Corporation, “The Republic of the Union of Myanmar: Myanmar Economic Corporation”. Myanmar Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (MEITI): The Fourth Myanmar EITI Report For the Period 1 April 2016 to 31 March 2017 (FY 2016-2017), Oil and Gas, Gems and Jade, Other Minerals and Pearl, 30 March 2019 ( https://myanmareiti.org/sites/myanmareiti.org/files/publication_docs/4th_meiti_report_30_march_20 19_1.pdf), pg. 73. “Submitting MEHL’s information and data for EITI process,” 25 June 2018: 2. As explained in Mia Newman, “Multifaceted: Governance and Conflict Risks in Myanmar’s Ruby Industry,” Natural Resource Governance Institute, March 2018, p. 8 (https://resourcegovernance.org/sites/default/files/documents/multifaceted-goverance-and-conflictrisks-in-myanmar-ruby-industry.pdf), Mong Hsu is surrounded by areas of Shan State that have long been contested by the Tatmadaw, ethnic armed groups such as the Shan State Progress Party/Shan State Army-North (SSPP/SSA-N) and Restoration Council of Shan State/Shan State Army-South (RCSS/SSA-S), and both pro- and anti-government militia. However, word-of-mouth reports indicate the mines of Mong Hsu have since been primarily consolidated under military control. Mia Newman, “Multifaceted: Governance and Conflict Risks in Myanmar’s Ruby Industry,” Natural Resource Governance Institute, March 2018, p. 8 (https://resourcegovernance.org/sites/default/files/documents/multifaceted-goverance-and-conflictrisks-in-myanmar-ruby-industry.pdf); According to ruby miners in Shan State, the “Tatmadaw is still controlling most of the ruby trade and the bulk of money goes directly to them from Mogok,” cited in Suthep Kritsanavarin and Jittima Jantanamalaka, “No Commitment to Peace Wastes Valuable Natural Resources in Shan State,” Unearth Myanmar, Natural Governance Resource Institute (http://unearthmyanmar.com/en/story/no-commitment-peace-wastes-valuable).