A/HRC/39/56 countries could design proper national policies. Policy areas required systematic reforms, with strong international partnerships. 48. In the ensuing discussion, the representatives of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, speaking on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement, Kenya, the Islamic Republic of Iran, South Africa, Brazil, the European Union, Ecuador, the Plurinational State of Bolivia and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela took the floor, followed by the Associazione Comunità Papa Giovanni XXIII, speaking on behalf of the Forum of Catholic-inspired Non-governmental Organizations, and the Indian Council of South America. The representatives reiterated that South-South cooperation was an important element of international cooperation for sustainable development as a complement to North-South cooperation. The delegate of Kenya had a specific question on the ruling in the Ogiek case and explained that a task force to implement the ruling had been set up. He also asked whether there were examples of similar cases regarding the rights of indigenous peoples and violations of the right to development in other jurisdictions. Delegates noted that the 2030 Agenda and Goal 17 thereof clearly echoed the Declaration on the Right to Development. The means of implementation were fundamental for the success of countries in meeting their development needs and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and that all means of implementation deserved equal attention. The representative of the European Union stated that the 2030 Agenda put the imperative of equality and nondiscrimination at the heart of its concerns. Some delegates highlighted the need to continue to work to formulate policies for development more specifically and to take into account the activities around those policies and strategies, including investment challenges, the lack of independent mechanisms for solving disputes, external debt, climate change and other challenges. Delegates spoke of the relationship between the Paris Agreement and the right to development and how that connection had to be properly established within the framework of the right to development in terms of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities. 49. In concluding the session, experts were of the view that the principle of differentiated treatment of developing countries was about fairness, given the inequalities that resulted from historical and economic conditions. The means of implementation and Sustainable Development Goal 17 were very important and, without that Goal, other Goals could not be implemented. There were similar cases in other jurisdictions, for example in Latin America, where the rights of indigenous peoples had been considered; however, the right to development had not been addressed in those cases because the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights was the only human rights convention which provided for a justiciable right to development. There was no reason why the right to development could not be invoked in the context of other types of case, such as those concerning climate change. Speakers emphasized the particular issue of policy coherence and noted that it should be invoked in the present era of financial globalization. A framework convention on the right to development would have added value, as it could complement the existing human rights regime and, in the context of financial globalization, such a convention could address extraterritorial impacts. With regard to threats to multilateralism, the right to development should be an “umbrella” over all policies, and human rights should be referenced by relevant organizations such as the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). 50. The second panel session focused on the theme of the 2018 high-level political forum, “Transformation towards sustainable and resilient societies”. The panel included the Special Rapporteur on the right to development, Saad Alfarargi; the Independent Consultant on International Political Economy, Bhumika Muchhala; the Chairman, Rural Support Programmes Network, Pakistan, Shoaib Sultan Khan; and an independent consultant, Tessa Khan. 51. Mr. Alfarargi focused on the challenges that inequalities – both within and among countries – posed for the realization and effective implementation of the right to development for all. Inequality permeated various aspects of peoples’ lives, threatened long-term social and economic development, harmed poverty reduction and adversely affected people’s sense of fulfilment and self-worth. The 2015 Investment Policy Framework for Sustainable Development provided a new impetus, reiterating the need to 11