A/HRC/44/55
per cent of working-age persons with disabilities in Belarus are employed. 70 Moreover,
medical commissions assessing disabilities take restrictive approaches. For instance, the
Special Rapporteur was informed about the case of a person with a mental health condition
who, despite being able to do physical work, was not granted permission to work at a
factory where she had received an offer for employment. Such practices add to the
vulnerability of persons with disabilities and prevent them from making a meaningful
contribution to the economic, social and cultural development of the communities they live
in.
Roma
71.
The Roma community continues to face discrimination in access to the labour
market. There are reports that Roma applicants who have sufficient educational and
professional qualifications have been denied jobs, allegedly owing to strongly rooted
stereotypical perceptions that are frequently reinforced by the media and the authorities. 71
Such practices further stigmatize the Roma community, resulting in exclusion, extreme
poverty and social isolation.
Forced labour
72.
According to the Constitution and Criminal Code of Belarus, forced labour is
prohibited. Article 42 of the Constitution of Belarus also guarantees a minimum wage and
equal remuneration for the work performed. However, certain elements of forced labour
remain within the legislation and policies of Belarus. The Human Rights Committee
reiterated its concern over such practices in its concluding observations on the fifth periodic
report of Belarus in 2018 (CCPR/C/BLR/CO/5). Regrettably, these concerns have not yet
been addressed by the Government.
73.
The Special Rapporteur notes that forced labour is applied systematically in Belarus
and disproportionally targets vulnerable categories of people, including employees of Stateowned enterprises and administrations, students, people held in so-called labour treatment
centres, prisoners and army conscripts. According to available information, approximately
40,000 people are subjected to occasional or partial forced labour in Belarus.72
74.
The Special Rapporteur reiterates the concern that the majority of persons working
in public service, who are especially vulnerable to forced labour, have short-term labour
contracts that subject workers to pressure and self-censorship, and that effectively
discourage any criticism of established labour practices.73
75.
Some of the frequently used practices of forced labour are the obligation to
participate in harvesting and in street-cleaning activities ahead of public national holiday
ceremonies. On 20 April 2019, thousands of people were strongly encouraged by the
Government to participate in the republican subbotnik (term used to describe the day
devoted for cleaning activities). In Minsk alone, 700,000 people took part in subbotnik
activities on that day.
76.
One of the vulnerable categories of people systematically subjected to forced labour
are people held in detention facilities. According to article 100 of the Criminal Law
Enforcement Code of Belarus of 11 January 2000, all persons deprived of their liberty are
entitled to receive remuneration for their work, which shall not be lower than the set
minimum wage in Belarus. The official minimum wage rate in Belarus as of January 2020
is 375 Belarusian roubles per month ($177). Meanwhile, according to information received,
prisoners’ wages in different penal colonies vary from 1 to 300 Belarusian roubles per
month. Most testimonies seem to indicate that the average monthly wage of a prisoner in
Belarus is around 25 Belarusian roubles ($10). Prisoners and people held in so-called
labour therapy centres are especially vulnerable since they cannot choose the work they
70
71
72
73
See Aliaksandr Audzevich, “Creating inclusive workplaces for people with disabilities in Belarus”, 28
November 2019.
See https://belsat.eu/ru/programs/kak-zhivut-v-belarusi-romy/ (in Russian).
See https://matuli.org/2840 (in Russian).
A/HRC/23/52, paras. 103–107; and A/HRC/32/48, para. 119.
15
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