A/HRC/25/41 the displacement of 1,000 families, requiring a humanitarian response which was made more urgent by the cold weather and the onset of winter. 18. Despite Afghan forces leading almost all military operations countrywide, a permanent structure does not yet exist in relevant ANSF bodies to systematically investigate allegations of civilian casualties, initiate remedial measures and take follow-up action. The Civilian Casualties Tracking Team in the Presidential Information Coordination Centre, established in May 2012, only records reports of civilian casualties received from security bodies and does not receive complaints from individuals or organizations. 19. Human rights violations attributed to Afghan Local Police (ALP), including violations leading to civilian casualties, are a growing concern; in the first 11 months of 2013, UNAMA/OHCHR documented 29 civilian deaths and 78 injuries in 60 separate incidents, more than double the number of incidents and casualties compared to the same period in 2012. In most cases, the deaths and injuries resulted from ALP members committing human rights violations including punishments and revenge killings, carrying out illegal searches and alleged accidental shootings in highly questionable circumstances. In response to these violations, UNAMA/OHCHR has recommended the creation of a national-level accountability mechanism in the ALP Directorate at the Ministry of Interior Affairs, such as the appointment of a military prosecutor, to enable timely, independent and transparent investigations and prosecution of alleged ALP crimes and human rights violations. 20. The escalated pace of ISAF base and firing range closure has led to concerns that bases and firing ranges have not been sufficiently cleared of unexploded ordnance prior to closure. At the end of November 2013, following intensive advocacy by UNAMA/OHCHR, ISAF issued a standard operating procedure on base and firing range closure/transfer to ensure clearance of explosive remnants and unexploded ordnance before bases and ranges are closed or transitioned in 2014. ISAF also agreed to review 700 bases and ranges that have closed since 2001. 21. While UNAMA/OHCHR recorded a decrease in civilian casualties from aerial operations in the first 11 months of 2013, civilian deaths and injuries from remotely piloted aircraft (drones) more than tripled with 36 civilian deaths and 12 injuries. On 7 September, a drone strike in Watapur, Kunar province, killed 10 civilians, including four children and four women. UNAMA/OHCHR has urged international military forces to review thoroughly pre-engagement targeting criteria and required precautionary measures to reduce civilian casualties from drone strikes. C. Children and armed conflict 22. Children continued to suffer disproportionately from the impact of the armed conflict. Child casualties reported and verified between 1 January to 30 November 2013 were 36 per cent higher than those recorded during the same period in 2012. UNAMA verified 705 incidents out of a total of 842 reported incidents in which children were killed or maimed. During this period, at least 491 children (318 boys, 110 girls and 63 gender unknown) were killed and a further 1,018 children (577 boys, 236 girls and 205 gender unknown) were injured. During the first 11 months of 2013, at least nine children were killed or injured every two days in Afghanistan. 23. Ground engagements, which include crossfire, shootings, rocket and artillery shelling, and hand grenade attacks, caused the highest number of child casualties: 552 deaths and injuries in total. AGEs were responsible for nearly 40 per cent and international and Afghan security forces were responsible for almost 20 per cent of casualties caused during ground engagements. Improvised explosive devices were the second leading cause 7