A/HRC/23/41 should address the psychosocial costs of migration faced by migrant workers and their families at all stages of the migration process. States should also invest in social support programmes with the participation of migrant workers to counter negative consequences of social exclusion, homesickness and family pressures. 140 65. Migrant workers in 3D jobs, face occupational risk as an additional stress factor, while exposure to pesticides has been linked to anxiety, depression, irritability and restlessness in agricultural workers.141 For domestic workers, isolation and psychological trauma caused by abuse are occupational risks,142 and suicide has been associated with harsh working conditions of migrant construction workers. 143 Effective implementation and enforcement of labour and occupational health and safety laws can contribute to reducing the risk of mental illness as well as physical injury. 66. Due to poor public funding of mental health services,144 psychological symptoms may go untreated or be inappropriately treated. Medicines are prescribed when counselling or psychosocial support services would be more appropriate.145 Even when mental health services are available, under-utilization and premature dropout from services have been recorded among migrants, including migrant workers. 146 Constant fear of deportation may also be a stress factor,147 and discourage workers from accessing mental health facilities, goods and services, where available. 67. To effectively prevent and respond to mental illness, the right to health requires receiving States to take steps to identify and monitor stress factors and provide nondiscriminatory access to affordable, acceptable and quality psychosocial and mental health services. Sending States should also ensure that support services within embassies and consulates are accessible and that outgoing migrant workers comprehend the potential impact of migration on mental health and ways to access mental health care in receiving States. 68. Immigrant-specific health policies focusing on linguistically and culturally sensitive services have increased access to mental health services by migrants.148 Culturally and linguistically proficient community health workers can also play an important role due to 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 20 Laura Simich and others, “Providing Social Support for Immigrants and Refugees in Canada: Challenges and Directions”, Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, vol. 7, No. 4 (October 2005), p. 260. J. Mearns, J. Dunn and P.R. Lees-Haley, “Psychological effects of organophosphate pesticides: A review and call for research by psychologists”, Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 50, No. 2 (March 1994), pp. 286-293. Maria Theresa Ujano-Batangan, Women and Migration, p. 22 (see footnote 118). Sevil Sönmez and others, “Human rights and health disparities”, p. 5 (see footnote 63). E/CN.4/2005/51, para. 64. Heide Castañeda, “Illegality as risk factor”, p. 1559 (see footnote 83). Francis Sanchez and Albert Gaw, “Mental Health Care of Filipino Americans”, Psychiatric Services, vol. 58, No. 6 (June 2007), p. 815. UC Davis Center for Reducing Health Disparities, Building Partnerships: Conversations with Latina/o migrant workers about mental health needs and community strengths (March 2009), p. 7, available from http://www.dhcs.ca.gov/services/MH/Documents/BP_Migrant_Workers.pdf. Todd P. Gilmer and others, “Initiation and Use of Pubic Mental Health Services by Persons with Severe Mental Illness and Limited English Proficiency”, Psychiatric Services, vol. 58, No. 12 (December 2007), p. 1561.