A/HRC/29/34 alia: protection of civilians, including IDPs in areas of refuge, during flight and upon return; and durable solutions involving humanitarian and development challenges, but also peacebuilding challenges. He addressed the Council again in October, in a debate on “Women, peace and security — displaced women and girls: leaders and survivors”. He stressed that internally displaced women often faced double discrimination as IDPs and women. They experienced unique human rights challenges due to the intersection of gender with factors such as age, group affiliation, disability and their civil or socioeconomic situations. Despite positive developments, responses to internal displacement still did not adequately address the specific concerns of women and girls. 16. In June 2014, the Special Rapporteur participated in a Central and West African consultation, in Abidjan, in preparation for the World Humanitarian Summit, and from 2 to 6 March 2015, he participated in a Middle East and North African regional consultation in Amman. At those consultations, he highlighted approaches to mitigating protracted displacement, building more coherence between governments, development partners and the humanitarian community, and support for communities affected by displacement. Stressing the lack of preparedness of regional and national actors in responding rapidly to IDP needs, he stated the necessity to adopt regional instruments and national laws and policies on internal displacement and urged that effective partnerships be entered into in order to respond to emergency needs in urban areas. 17. In September 2014, the Special Rapporteur participated in a panel on “Durable solutions for post-crisis development”, in the context of the World Reconstruction Conference 2 organized by the World Bank. He stressed the importance of the involvement of development partners to attain durable solutions. Drawing on examples from his missions, he shared challenges and opportunities encountered in developing durable solutions for post-crisis displacement. III. Internally displaced persons in the context of the post-2015 development agenda A. Introduction and overview 18. The phenomenon of displacement is currently, more than ever before, a global crisis. As at December 2013, an estimated 33.3 million persons were internally displaced by conflict and violence globally. In addition, in 2013 alone, some 22.4 million people were newly displaced within their own countries by disasters. Given new and ongoing crises, these figures are likely to have increased in 2014, with displacement at its highest level since the Second World War. 19. Displacement, whether caused by conflict, violence or disaster, usually leads to extreme poverty and renders IDPs highly vulnerable. It typically results in loss of land, homes and property, loss of employment or livelihood, food insecurity, lack of access to basic services, including water and sanitation and health care, and poor access to education. Displacement may cause IDPs to be more at risk of violence, including sexual and genderbased violence, trafficking and other forms of abuse, either in the context of ongoing conflicts or due to the perilous and poor conditions in which IDPs find themselves. Displacement causes disintegration of community and family cohesion, and of socioeconomic networks and support mechanisms. 6