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123. Recent history is littered with misguided reforms that have brought many health systems
“to the point of collapse”.42 While the right to health is not a panacea, it can help to stop the
introduction of such ill-conceived health reforms. Just as the right to a fair trial has been used to
strengthen systems of justice, so the right to health can be used to strengthen health systems.
III. CONCLUSIONS
124. Health systems and human rights is a very large and complex topic. In a report of this
length, it is impossible to address all of the important issues, such as the role of the State in
relation to the private health sector. Elsewhere, the Special Rapporteur has looked at (and
continues to examine) one dimension of this issue: pharmaceutical companies and access to
medicines.43
125. The report has identified urgently needed research, including detailed studies that
consistently and systematically apply the general approach outlined in section C of the
present report to all six of the WHO health system “building blocks” signalled in
section D above.
126. In resolution 60/251, the General Assembly has mandated the Human Rights Council
to “promote the effective coordination and the mainstreaming of human rights within the
United Nations system”. All those responsible for strengthening health systems should
recognize the importance of human rights. Moreover, they should embark on the
integration of the right to the highest attainable standard into their work. This applies
equally to those focusing on a component of health systems, such as the health workforce.
127. Today, there are numerous health movements, perspectives and approaches,
including health equity, primary health care, health promotion, social determinants, health
security, continuum of care, gender, development, biomedical, macroeconomic and so on.
All are very important. The right to the highest attainable standard of health recurs
throughout them all. It is the only perspective that is both underpinned by universally
recognized moral values and reinforced by legal obligations. Properly understood, the right
to the highest attainable standard of health has a profound contribution to make towards
building healthy societies and equitable health systems.
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42
Everybody’s Business… (note 2 above), p. 1.
43
A/61/338.
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