A/HRC/26/15 98.41. Take the necessary measures to prevent arbitrary detentions based on discriminatory criteria of any kind, particularly those related to phenotype or those directed against LGBT persons (Mexico); 98.42. Adopt legislation to protect LGBT persons against gender-based violence and discrimination (Netherlands); 98.43. Strengthen its efforts and establish and implement policies and measures to address discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity (Norway); 98.44. Establish enforced disappearances and extrajudicial executions as criminal offenses under the Penal Code (Mexico); 98.45. Establish an independent body responsible for investigating possible police abuses (Spain); 98.46. Investigate all allegations of the use of excessive force, including killings, by law enforcement agents and ensure that they receive training on the appropriate use of force so as to prevent unnecessary causalities (Canada); 98.47. All law enforcement be conducted in accordance with international human rights standards and that the Dominican Republic undertakes prompt independent investigations into all alleged violations by officials (Australia); 98.48. Ensure the respect of human rights by law enforcement bodies and strengthen efforts to guarantee the impartiality of investigations and prosecution of police officers involved in acts of violence (France); 98.49. Expedite the comprehensive reform of the police (Spain); 98.50. Integrate a human rights based approach in the presidential commission for the reform of the police, establish an independent governance mechanism to investigate violations of human rights and ensure access to justice for victims (Switzerland); 98.51. Bolster mandatory human rights training for the security forces and strengthen mechanisms to investigate alleged abuses committed by security forces (United States of America); 98.52. Increase its efforts to ensure effective investigation into the high number of homicides and into the abuse of power by police officials and to hold those responsible accountable (Germany); 98.53. Launch an open dialogue with the civil society with a view to identifying and adopting further measures aimed at preventing possible abuses committed by police and security forces, and ensure that the victims and their relatives have access to fair and independent justice (Italy); 98.54. Continue incorporating into its national legislation measures to protect the rights of women and girls, and punish violence against women (Nicaragua); 98.55. Study amending its Penal Code, by incorporating the criminalization of all forms of violence against women (Uruguay); 98.56. Ensure that the Ministry of Women, the Ministry of Health, the Office of the Prosecutor General and other institutions with a role in preventing and addressing cases of gender-based violence are adequately resourced (Norway); 17