A/HRC/31/68 impunity. The stipulations of relevant Security Council resolutions (see annex VI) remain largely unheeded and unimplemented. Crimes against humanity continue to be committed by government forces and by ISIS. War crimes are rampant. 149. The call for peace is imperative. The stepping stones enunciated by the Vienna statements advancing the Geneva communiqué of 2012 and endorsed by the Security Council in its resolution 2254 (2015), generate a momentum that must be sustained to ensure an all-inclusive, Syrian-led process to end the armed conflict and the transition towards peace. Accountability is an essential part of this process. The possibility of instituting national ceasefires, complemented by local ceasefires, deserves to be explored. 150. Ensuring humanitarian access and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms is paramount. Local and international actors, with their underlying constituencies, bear a shared responsibility to bring this process to fruition while countering the spread of terrorism and extreme violence in the region. 151. Humanitarian spaces must be supported and sustained. These include the work of humanitarian institutions, facilities and personnel, but also the comfort and care that Syrian civilians, including volunteer organizations such as the White Helmets, provide to their own communities. 152. Syrian women play an indispensable role in the protection of their families and communities, often invisible to the outside world, yet laudable in the sense of humanity and the comfort that they offer selflessly to others. As powerful voices advocating for the resolution of the conflict, women should be able to participate fully in current and future political negotiations. B. Recommendations 153. Since its inception on 22 August 2011, the Commission of Inquiry has submitted 11 reports to the Human Rights Council pursuant to the six mandates it received. The Commission concluded each report with targeted recommendations addressed to a variety of actors, including all parties to the armed conflict, Member States concerned, the international community as a whole and influential political mechanisms, including the Security Council, the General Assembly and the Human Rights Council. 154. As its reports have remained current to the reporting cycle during which they were written, the Commission began a practice of reiterating the recommendations made in its previous reports as a means to draw continued attention to a large number of recommendations made at an earlier time in the armed conflict that remain both salient and unimplemented. Once again, the Commission reiterates the recommendations made in its previous reports addressed to all parties to the conflict. 155. The Commission recommends that all parties comply effectively and comprehensively with human rights and international humanitarian law, and in particular: (a) Distinguish military from civilian objectives, refraining from all indiscriminate and disproportionate attacks; (b) End all sieges and related starvation and acts of deprivation, and guarantee unhindered access to humanitarian aid, including food, water and medical care; 21