A/HRC/31/58 indirectly from trafficking, its component acts and related offences. 28 They thus can significantly overlap with procurers. Their key characteristics are the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of child victims and thus the servicing of the demand for child sexual exploitation. Deception and threats are often used by traffickers to obtain the child and convince his or her guardians of a better future for the child. 37. The label of intermediaries covers a wide range of other facilitators such as taxi drivers, hotel staff, entertainment staff, massage parlour staff, tour guides and tour operators.29 They do not control the child victim, but act as a bridge between procurers or child victims and offenders. Individuals working in the entertainment industry, namely bars, karaoke clubs and brothels, have been identified in several cases as crucial points of contact for offenders seeking to sexually exploit a child. 30 Taxi drivers and hotel staff have also brought offenders to locations where children are sexually exploited. What is more, there is anecdotal evidence of sex tour operators organizing trips to areas where child sexual exploitation is rife.31 Most of those facilitators are part of the private sector, which thus becomes an intermediary by turning a blind eye to the criminal activities of its staff. 38. The private sector in the domain of information and communications technologies is also a significant intermediary in the demand for the sexual exploitation of children. Indeed, the technology in itself has created a means for offenders to contact children directly and initiate the process of grooming victims. Furthermore, it makes it easy to access child sexual abuse material, is affordable and can provide anonymity. For example, live streaming of child sexual abuse is only feasible with the spreading of video streaming technologies.32 In addition, developers of the “dark web” and peer-to-peer networks are increasingly facilitating the sexual exploitation of children online, with the majority of child sexual abuse material estimated to be exchanged on such platforms. Content providers have also become intermediaries by hosting child abuse material. Besides, certain content providers promote and profit from certain genres of pornography that can amount to child sexual abuse material or at the very least, foster tolerance for such themes. This is confirmed by the search results from the biggest pornography platform, Pornhub, which listed “teen” as the most sought-after genre in 2013 and 2014.33 Lastly, the financial sector is widely used to process monetary transactions for purchasing child abuse material and paying for the sexual exploitation of children without leaving traces, thus facilitating impunity. 39. At this intermediate level of the demand, there is a much more significant presence of women. Indeed, according to recent figures on trafficking from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), 28 per cent of persons convicted for trafficking in persons were women and that proportion rose to 38 per cent for those having entered into contact with the criminal justice system. Female traffickers were more frequently involved in the trafficking of girls and in particular in recruitment for sexual exploitation. 34 Women are strongly represented among facilitators, since a key element of that role in the demand process is to build a relationship of trust and lure children into sexual exploitation. 35 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 10 See E/2002/68/Add.1. Information provided by UNODC Regional Office for South-East Asia and the Pacific. See A/HRC/22/54, para. 29. ECPAT International, “Global Monitoring: status of action against commercial against sexual exploitation of children. Moldova (2012), p. 15. See A/HRC/28/56. See Pornhub Insights, 2014 Year In Review (2015). UNODC, Global Report on Trafficking in Persons 2014 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.14.V.10), p. 27. Information provided by UNODC Regional Office for South-East Asia and the Pacific.