A/HRC/30/42
victimization, to account for the very complex ways in which violations affect the
lives of individuals and of communities, especially over time. Furthermore, some
artistic media provide space for victims to articulate their experiences and even,
emphasizing the interventions’ enabling potential, to try out new identities, including
the identity of a rights claimant.
C.
Archives
96.
Archives containing records of mass violations can contribute to prevention.
Access to well-preserved and protected archives is an educational tool against denial
and revisionism, ensuring that future generations have access to primary sources,
which is of direct relevance to history teaching. One notable example in this regard
are the Stasi files opened up by Germany after 1989. Opening files contributes
directly to the process of societal reform.
97.
However, there is a lack of consistency in the disp osition of archives of
transitional justice mechanisms, including truth commissions. 55 To address this gap,
as a first step and as a result of a series of consultations with experts, the Special
Rapporteur developed a set of general recommendations that builds on the right to
know. This set of general recommendations (see annex) is meant to provide guidance
for truth commissions and other relevant stakeholders in their future archival work.
D.
Trauma counselling and psychosocial support
98.
Psychosocial support or trauma counselling has been rather marginally
identified as a component of a comprehensive strategy of non -recurrence. Gross
violations are likely to lead to health problems, 56 implying troubles for individuals
and society, which call for adjustments on a more fundamental psychological level.
Challenges may include identity problems for individuals and society, which hamper
the transformation of societies. Moreover, unaddressed specific traumatic events may
lock countries in repeated cycles of violence.
99.
Post-authoritarian and/or post-conflict settings face low levels of trust both
vertically — between the State and its people — and horizontally — between
individuals and between communities. However, trust is the foundation for the
development of a rule of law culture, an environment that fosters reconciliation and a
necessary precondition for effective communication between the victims and the
authorities, as well as within society.
100. Where structural abuse or recurrent patterns of violence and unresolved
trauma intersect, high levels of conflict and further violence are likely to develop.
Furthermore, amid high levels of inequality, poverty and unemployment, where
people’s sense of dignity and self-worth are severely compromised on a daily basis,
violent behaviour can become a simple means of taking back the control people are
denied in their life.
101. Trauma counselling can be used to overcome and transform victim/perpetrator
identities, as an important step towards reaching a conclusion. For the victim, this
55
56
22
Ibid.
For example, for Peru, see Lisa J. Laplante, “Linking Peacebuilding and health in post-conflict
settings”, available from www.frient.de/publikationen/dokumente/library/linking-peacebuilding-andhealth-in-post-conflict-settings.html.
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