A/HRC/40/72 beyond the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. He explained that the Centre for Sport and Human Rights was compiling lessons learned for its implementation strategy. F. Sports, sustainable cities and the right to an adequate standard of living 36. Raphaël Languillon-Aussel, a researcher at the University of Geneva, challenged the theory that development was linear and argued for a model integrating equitable distribution of benefits, as enshrined in the Declaration on the Right to Development. Urban planning implied economic growth, while urban development involved an increase in wellbeing. He illustrated Olympic-related projects, questioning the sustainability of impacts on economic growth and infrastructure improvement as well as indirect negative impacts on the housing and job markets. Despite positive outcomes on infrastructure and governance, projects often resulted in unemployment and forcefully displaced local populations. This undermined peoples’ right to development and their “right to the city”. The latter right encompassed physical access, political access, and economic and social access to a city. The correspondent responsibilities relating to the right to development and right to the city rested – respectively – on States and the international community, and on local governments and local communities. The Olympic Movement should consider these rights in the selection of host cities. 37. The International Olympic Committee’s Head of Sustainability, Michelle Lemaître, introduced the Committee’s “Olympic Agenda 2020” strategic road map. Its recommendations 4 and 5 put forward specific sustainability requirements for the International Olympic Committee, the Olympic Games and the Olympic Movement. To respond to them, the Committee had developed a sustainability strategy encompassing its three spheres of responsibility – as an organization, as the owner of the Olympic Games, and as the leader of the Olympic Movement. To complement the strategy, the Committee had also developed a new strategic legacy approach and the “New Norm” set of reforms. The latter was aimed at making the Olympic Games more affordable, more beneficial to host cities and more sustainable. For host cities to effectively leverage mega sporting events, governments and local authorities should see them as part of their long-term development plans and not as one-off events. The Committee collaborated with cities to leverage the benefits of the Games and adapt them to the long-term vision and needs of the cities. The Committee could only achieve its sustainability goals and address pressing issues through strengthened partnership and collaboration. 38. Miloon Kothari, a former Special Rapporteur on adequate housing, and president of UPR Info, presented data related to displacement in Olympic and Commonwealth Games. Many mega sporting events involved increased poverty, loss of jobs and human trafficking, as well as a lack of information, participation, consultation and compensation in respect of displaced persons. Those impacts constituted violations of the Olympic Charter and human rights instruments, as they breached the human rights to life, health, decent work, an adequate standard of living and freedom of movement. Often, Games permanently changed the social fabric of cities, especially with regard to speculative motivations and gentrification. Mr. Kothari recommended that sports governing bodies include respect for human rights treaties, declarations and guiding principles as requirements in bidding processes – including where evictions and internally displaced persons were concerned. He also recommended that governing bodies conduct social impact assessments before making decisions on mega sporting events. 39. During the interactive dialogue, the Chair-Rapporteur, and representatives of Angola, the Associazione Comunità Papa Giovanni XXIII, the Equality League, Human Rights Watch, the International Paralympic Committee, Montenegro, OHCHR and the Tokyo Organising Committee, and the UNESCO Chair, took the floor. One delegate referred to the positive impacts that medals could have in fostering development and inclusion even in countries not hosting mega sporting events. Another questioned how to reconcile human rights with the risk of politicization of sports. Participants cited international instruments and frameworks that could provide guidance on sustainable cities and inform human rights impact assessments, such as the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the New Urban 11