A/HRC/43/53 in Bangladesh have solar panels with batteries that store electricity, improving their quality of life.30 66. Nineteen West African States are collaborating in the Regional Off-Grid Electrification Project to increase access to electricity for households and businesses using off-grid solar systems. The $150 million project is expected to benefit 585,000 households (2 million people), as well as 65,000 small and medium-sized businesses.31 Participating States include Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, the Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, the Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo.32 67. Through the African Forest Landscape Restoration Initiative, 28 countries across Africa have committed to restore more than 100 million hectares of deforested and degraded landscapes. Funding includes $1 billion in development finance and $500 million in private sector funding. Although the focus is on improving livelihoods, the initiative will also increase carbon storage by creating healthy forests. Participating States include Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, the Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, the Sudan, Togo, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania and Zimbabwe.33 68. In 2018, Vanuatu launched its National Policy on Climate Change and DisasterInduced Displacement, emphasizing a rights-based approach that draws on the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. The policy is systemic and action-oriented, incorporating non-discrimination, gender responsiveness and community participation. It addresses prevention, protects persons during evacuation and throughout the term of displacement, and seeks durable solutions. 69. Although relocating communities should be the last resort, in cases where it is inevitable, plans should be developed in close cooperation with the affected communities. In Fiji, the Planned Relocation Guidelines, published in 2018, are a commendable example of a rights-based approach to relocation. 70. Australia, Canada, Denmark, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland provide 98 to 100 per cent of bilateral public climate finance in the form of grants, which are much better for developing countries than loans.34 71. Germany funds projects in Mexico to foster women’s participation in climate action, such as Red Mujeres en Energía Renovable y Eficiencia Energética (Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Women’s Network). Ireland promotes gender equality in access to renewable energy, developing climate-resilient agriculture and greening the health sector. 72. The Global Environment Facility established an indigenous peoples advisory group and an indigenous peoples fellowship programme. These are important first steps towards increasing flows of climate finance to indigenous peoples. 3. Healthy and sustainably produced food 73. More than 800 million people were undernourished in 2017, marking the third consecutive year where hunger has increased globally. Faced with the immense impact of industrial agriculture on the environment and the need to feed almost 8 billion humans, it is imperative that diets evolve and food be sustainably produced. 74. The right to food is recognized in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights as part of the right to an 30 31 32 33 34 12 Ehsanul Kabir, Ki-Hyun Kim and Jan E. Szulejko, “Social Impacts of Solar Home Systems in Rural Areas: A Case Study in Bangladesh”, Energies, vol. 10, No. 10, pp. 1–12. https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P160708?lang=en. www.lightingafrica.org/publication/regional-off-grid-electrification-project-rogep-overview/. See https://afr100.org/content/home. Tracy Carty and Armelie le Comte, Climate Finance Shadow Report 2018: Assessing progress towards the $100 billion commitment, Oxfam, 2018.