A/HRC/41/53 complainant to Eritrea would constitute a violation of article 3 of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. 41 VII. Conclusions and benchmarks for progress in improving the situation of human rights 75. The positive momentum for peace and security in the region created expectations in the international community, and within Eritrea, that the Government of Eritrea would implement wider political and institutional reforms. However, as described in the present report, significant human rights concerns remain unaddressed. The opportunities created by peace are far-reaching and the Eritrean authorities should capitalize on their new engagement in the region to implement much-needed domestic reforms. The Eritrean people should be the primary beneficiaries of the dividends of peace. 76. In its resolution 38/15, the Human Rights Council invited the Special Rapporteur to develop benchmarks for progress in improving the situation of human rights and a timebound action plan for their implementation. The Special Rapporteur understands these benchmarks to be minimum human rights standards required to address human rights concerns in Eritrea. She has conducted extensive consultations in developing them and has taken note of previous recommendations made by various United Nations human rights bodies and mechanisms. The Special Rapporteur considers that the benchmarks should be translated into policies and measures that define and facilitate the implementation of human rights in Eritrea and, with this aim, has included specific indicators of progress in the list below. She notes that the list is not intended to be comprehensive, and encourages the Government to develop additional benchmarks that it considers necessary for making progress in human rights. 77. Based on the findings and recommendations contained in the present report, and guided by international human rights norms and principles, the five benchmarks and related indicators set out below are required to achieve meaningful and lasting progress in human rights. 78. Benchmark 1: improvement in the promotion of the rule of law and strengthening of national justice and law enforcement institutions (see paras. 23–25, 35–38 and 61 above). The associated indicators are: (a) The release of political prisoners, prisoners of conscience and persons unlawfully and arbitrarily detained; (b) An improved environment for the protection of civil and political rights, including through the development of sustainable foundations for democratic policing and law enforcement; (c) The launch of a participatory constitution-drafting process and the introduction of legal reforms to guarantee the exercise of civil and political rights; (d) Progress in the establishment of the rule of law and democratic institutions, including a national human rights institution, a school of law and a judicial academy, and progress in ensuring access to justice for all; (e) Steps taken for the re-establishment of the National Assembly. 79. Benchmark 2: a demonstrated commitment to introducing reforms to the national/military service (see paras. 31–32 above). The associated indicators are: (a) A reduction in the duration of the national/military service to 18 months; (b) The development of a multi-year plan to progressively demobilize conscripts, promote job creation and introduce fair working conditions. 41 The Committee considered that the Swiss authorities were required to reassess the applicant’s asylum application (CAT/C/65/D/811/2017, paras. 7.1–9). 17