A/HRC/21/20 Cities against Racism. The Ministry of Justice of Japan holds human rights leadership training seminars for officials engaged in human rights awareness-raising activities in prefectures and municipalities. A handbook on human rights in municipal activities has been produced in Sweden. The Ministry of Human and Minority Rights, Public Administration and Local Self-Government of Serbia trained local government employees in international standards for the protection of minority rights. 33. Several national human rights institutions reported on training activities for civil servants. Notably, the Irish Human Rights Commission has delivered training to approximately 400 officials in the framework of its Human Rights Education and Training Project for the Civil and Public Service since 2010. It has produced and distributed 7,000 copies of a reference human rights guide for the civil and public service, a training website with various human rights resources,8 an online learning video on human rights for the civil and public service and other materials. Information is delivered in non-legalistic terms and training sessions include discussion groups, human rights activities, case studies and practical exercises. 34. The Romanian Institute for Human Rights holds courses in human rights and the administration of justice for personnel of the Ministry of Administration and Interior. The Office of the Human Rights Procurator of Guatemala offers courses to civil servants on human rights and leadership skills. The Office of the Ombudsman of Panama carried out workshops, short courses and longer certificate-based training courses on topics such as ethics and democratic values, human rights protection mechanisms, the right to health and the use of force, for civil servants and law enforcement officials. The National Human Rights Commission of Djibouti participates in training for civil servants of various ministries. The National Human Rights Commission of the Republic of Korea has developed six cybereducation courses for the human rights education of civil servants. E. Law enforcement officials 35. Several countries reported on policies, guidelines and frameworks concerning human rights training of law enforcement officials and indicated institutional responsibilities for such training. For example, the Constitution of Ecuador states that national police officers have to be trained in democracy and human rights to be able to carry out their functions; human rights instructors are active in Ecuador’s 24 provinces. Human rights principles are enshrined in the Australian Federal Police Code of Conduct and in training given to its members. In the Czech Republic, the police education system is based on the 2001 strategy of life-long compulsory education of members and staff of the police and the Ministry of the Interior, which includes human rights training and is delivered by the Human Rights and Professional Ethics Centre of the Police College, in cooperation with governmental and non-governmental agencies, and the Police Academy. 36. In Switzerland, passing a human rights and ethics examination is a prerequisite for becoming a police officer. The Swiss Police Institute is preparing a reference manual for the federal professional exam on human rights and professional ethics. A training module on intercultural competence and diversity has been introduced at the canton and city levels. In France, initial training for police and the gendarmerie involves a module on the code of conduct, fundamental rights and communication techniques. In-service training – in particular the preparation for a professional examination to achieve the grade of police brigadier – also includes human rights. 8 10 See www.ihrc.ie/training.