A/HRC/21/20 students. Developed with the support of OHCHR, the Colombian National Plan for Human Rights Education was launched in November 2009, followed by a decree institutionalizing the structures required to implement it. It was published and disseminated among Government institutions, civil servants, academic institutions and civil society organizations.4 Malta has plans of action against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, and a plan of action promoting education for all. Japan’s Basic Plan for Human Rights Education and Encouragement, amended in 2011, includes training for public officials. 12. In Australia, human rights education is the centrepiece of the Human Rights Framework implemented by the Attorney-General’s Department since 2010.5 It aims to build a culture of respect for human rights as a responsibility of all Australians. In the Sudan, the Advisory Council for Human Rights under the Ministry of Justice has begun developing a national strategy on human rights education. Spain referred to its Strategic Plan for Citizenship and Integration 2011-2014. Switzerland’s National Plan for Education for Sustainable Development (2007-2014)6 comprises human rights and focuses on teacher training, supported by the Swiss Conference of Rectors of Universities of Teacher Education. 13. The National Human Rights Commission of Nigeria has a human rights education unit coordinating with various ministries, departments, agencies and civil society organizations on the National Action Plan for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights in Nigeria. It also carries out public awareness and training activities for students and teachers at all levels, the military, civil servants, legislators, the private sector, oil and extractive industries, health-care workers and young people, among others. 14. The National Human Rights Commission of the Republic of Korea recommended in January 2012 that the Ministry of Justice should incorporate suggestions from the World Programme plan of action into the Human Rights National Action Plan, which is the basis for the National Human Rights Policy (2012-2016). In its own three-year plan for human rights promotion (2012-2014), the Commission plans to strengthen human rights education for selected target groups, revise school curricula, standardize teaching plans and make use of mass media. B. Higher education 15. Several countries, including the Czech Republic, France, New Zealand, the Russian Federation and Slovenia, recalled the academic freedom enjoyed by their higher education institutions. Spain’s Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport is mapping the situation in the Spanish university system to identify areas for action. According to Spanish legislation, the design of new curricula follows the principle that respect and promotion of human rights should be encouraged in any professional activity. 16. Human rights are taught as an individual subject or as part of other related subjects, in particular law (in, for example, Azerbaijan, France, Ireland, Japan, Mauritius, the Republic of Moldova, Switzerland and the Sudan), political science (at, for example, institutes of political studies in France), international relations (Azerbaijan and Switzerland) and sustainable development (Switzerland), but also humanities/liberal arts (Japan) and at technical higher education institutions (Romania). In Germany, human rights education 4 5 6 The plan is available from www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/education/training/programme/secondphase/nationalinitiatives.htm. See www.ag.gov.au/humanrightsframework. See www.edk.ch/dyn/12097.php. 5