A/HRC/40/13 Introduction 1. The Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review, established in accordance with Human Rights Council resolution 5/1, held its thirty-first session from 5 to 16 November 2018. The review of Monaco was held at the 11th meeting, on 12 November 2018. The delegation of Monaco was headed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, Gilles Tonelli. At its 17th meeting, held on 15 November 2018, the Working Group adopted the report on Monaco. 2. On 10 January 2018, the Human Rights Council selected the following group of rapporteurs (troika) to facilitate the review of Monaco: Croatia, Senegal and United Arab Emirates. 3. In accordance with paragraph 15 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 5/1 and paragraph 5 of the annex to Council resolution 16/21, the following documents were issued for the review of Monaco: (a) A national report submitted/written presentation made in accordance with paragraph 15 (a) (A/HRC/WG.6/31/MCO/1); (b) A compilation prepared by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) in accordance with paragraph 15 (b) (A/HRC/WG.6/31/MCO/2); (c) A summary prepared by OHCHR in accordance with paragraph 15 (c) (A/HRC/WG.6/31/MCO/3). 4. A list of questions prepared in advance by Brazil, Germany, Liechtenstein, Portugal, on behalf of the Group of Friends on national implementation, reporting and follow-up, Slovenia, Spain and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was transmitted to Monaco through the troika. These questions are available on the website of the universal periodic review. I. Summary of the proceedings of the review process A. Presentation by the State under review 5. The delegation described some of the specific features of Monaco. For example, according to the Constitution, judicial affairs did not fall within the purview of the Government. The judiciary was entirely independent of the executive power, which guaranteed complete freedom of decision. That particularity was not the only one, but part and parcel of an institutional architecture built to meet the needs of an over 700-year-old community currently comprising 38,300 inhabitants that lived within an area of 2 km2. Less than 22 per cent of residents had Monegasque nationality and more than 140 nationalities were represented. 6. The following features, among others, distinguished Monaco from other States, including those of a similar size: 98 per cent of employees working in Monegasque companies were foreigners, although Monegasque nationals were afforded priority in access to employment; 85 per cent of employees in Monegasque companies were nonresidents and commuted daily; one third of children enrolled in Monegasque schools were non-residents, living abroad with their parents; over 50 per cent of medical cost reimbursements paid by the social security system went to practitioners practising outside Monaco. 7. Following its second universal periodic review, the Principality took action on 70 out of the 81 recommendations made. Fifty-three – or three quarters – of those 70 recommendations had been followed up with measures that had facilitated the achievement of their objectives. 2 GE.18-22679