A/HRC/23/32 18. The Working Group further encourages in-depth national surveys of State entities and business enterprises on implementation initiatives, to complement the global surveys it has commissioned.13 A. State survey 19. The discussion surrounding the State’s duty to protect from human rights abuses and adverse effects of corporate activity has developed substantially over the past two decades, with the Guiding Principles bringing important clarity to the differentiated and complementary roles of States, business and civil society. Today, policymakers and business focus therefore not on whether States have a duty to protect against abuse by business enterprises, but how States should or do engage with multiple stakeholders to fulfil such a duty by means of preventive and remedial measures. States are now widely expected to provide explicit guidance to businesses specifically on addressing any adverse impact on human rights; to ensure that non-judicial and judicial remedy options are available to those communities, workers, consumers, clients and shareholders whose rights have been negatively affected by business enterprises; to integrate business and human rights into the functions of ministries and agencies that interact with and regulate business activity; and to strive to close any potential regulatory or policy gaps that may hinder the fulfilment of their duty to protect against corporate human rights abuses. More broadly, international business organizations voice their demand for greater observance by the State of the rule of law and the enforcement of anti-corruption measures, which are understood to foster a conducive environment for business to contribute positively to society and sustainable development. 20. Given that States design their laws, policies and programmes in accordance with their own local context and their international legal obligations, it is to be expected that the Guiding Principles will be implemented in a different way from one State Member of the United Nations to the next. Still, as implementation of the Guiding Principles kicks off and advances, there will be emerging trends, best practices and lessons that can be learned among States with regard to successful measures, obstacles and opportunities to build capacity among public officials according to the role they play in the individual State. 21. The above issues were the focus of a pilot survey 14 addressed to all States Members of the United Nations by the Working Group in October 2012, with the purpose of obtaining an evidence-based foundation for informing the discussions among stakeholders on the implementation of the Guiding Principles. The survey also reminded States of the increasing worldwide social expectation, as shown by the global participation in the Forum, that they embrace proactively the Guiding Principles. Following an extension of the initial deadline, as at 31 January, a total of 26 responses from countries all over the world had been received. The Working Group also conducted selected interviews with Member States between November 2012 and January 2013 to clarify answers and to collect details of relevant State implementation initiatives publicly shared at the Forum. The complete results of the survey and the systematization of further information shared by States on the implementation of the Guiding Principles are presented in an addendum to the present 13 14 Examples include the baseline surveys among member States of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) commissioned by the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights and the Human Rights Resource Centre for ASEAN. For the text of the survey, see www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Business/Pages/ImplementationGP.aspx. 7