A/72/53/Add.1 27. Demands that all parties identified in the reports of the Joint Investigative Mechanism as having been involved in the use of toxic chemicals as weapons desist immediately from any further use; 28. Strongly condemns the use of starvation of civilians as a method of combat, and all besiegement directed against civilian populations; 29. Condemns the reported forced displacement of populations in the Syrian Arab Republic and its alarming impact on the demography of the country, and calls upon all parties concerned to cease immediately all activities that cause these actions, including any activities that may amount to war crimes and crimes against humanity; 30. Also condemns the Syrian authorities’ indiscriminate use of heavy weapons and aerial bombardments, including cluster munitions, incendiary weapons, ballistic missiles and barrel bombs, and calls for an immediate end to all attacks against medical facilities and personnel, and civilians and civilian infrastructure, including civilian transportation and educational facilities; 31. Stresses the need to promote accountability for those responsible for the unlawful killings of civilians, and also stresses the importance of holding to account those responsible for all violations of international humanitarian law and all violations and abuses of international human rights law; 32. Strongly condemns violence against all persons based on their religious or ethnic affiliation, including the indiscriminate use of car and suicide bombs, snipers and hostage-taking; 33. Demands that all parties take all appropriate steps to protect civilians, including members of ethnic, religious and confessional communities, and stresses that, in this regard, the primary responsibility to protect the Syrian population lies with the Syrian authorities; 34. Strongly condemns the damage and destruction of the cultural heritage of the Syrian Arab Republic, in particular the destruction of the cultural heritage in Palmyra and Aleppo and the organized looting and trafficking of Syrian cultural property, as outlined by the Security Council in its resolution 2199 (2015) of 12 February 2015; 35. Affirms that attacks intentionally directed against historic monuments may amount to war crimes, and underlines the need to bring the perpetrators of such crimes to justice; 36. Calls upon the international community to support the leadership and full and meaningful participation of women in all efforts, including decision-making, with the aim of finding a political solution to the conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic, as envisaged by the Security Council in its resolutions 1325 (2000) of 31 October 2000, 2122 (2013) of 18 October 2013, 2254 (2015), 2268 (2016), 2332 (2016) of 21 December 2016 and 2336 (2016), and welcomes the participation of the Women’s Advisory Board and civil society in the United Nations-led talks in order to ensure that all resulting peacebuilding efforts are gender-responsive and consider the differential impact of conflict on women and girls, and their specific needs and interests; 37. Recalls that the International Criminal Court was established to help to end impunity for applicable crimes in which the State is unwilling or unable to genuinely carry out investigations or prosecutions; 38. Emphasizes the need to ensure that all those responsible for violations of international humanitarian law or violations and abuses of international human rights law are held to account through appropriate, fair and independent national, regional or international criminal justice mechanisms, and stresses the need to pursue practical steps towards this goal, noting the important role that the International Criminal Court can play in this regard; 39. Welcomes the establishment of the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism to Assist in the Investigation and Prosecution of Persons Responsible for the Most Serious Crimes under International Law Committed in the Syrian Arab Republic since March 2011 by the General Assembly in its resolution 71/248 of 21 December 2016, 54 GE.17-18194