A/HRC/15/28 departments, diplomats, employees of local government and municipalities, as well as fiscal and economic agencies, teachers, public health professionals and social workers; (b) Law enforcement officials, 24 i.e. police, prison personnel and border patrols, as well as security forces and the military, when they are given police powers; (c) The military. 38. The above-mentioned professional groups have very different roles and responsibilities, institutional and organizational cultures and specific international human rights standards applicable to them. Given its broad scope, this section will only present some general strategies for addressing these professions, while occasionally providing specific examples. 1. Background 39. With regard to civil servants, law enforcement officials and the military, the plan of action draws on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as well as major international human rights treaties, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination; the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment; the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women; the Convention on the Rights of the Child; the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. 40. In addition, the United Nations has developed a series of other international instruments, such as recommendations, basic principles, codes of conduct etc., which provide more detailed guidance to certain professional groups for the performance of their duties in line with human rights standards. 41. For instance, in the case of law enforcement officials, those instruments include: • The Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials • The Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials • The Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power • The Declaration on the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance • The Principles on the Effective Prevention and Investigation of Extra-legal, Arbitrary and Summary Executions • The Principles on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment • The United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Non-custodial Measures (the Tokyo Rules) • Instruments concerning the treatment of detainees and prisoners (Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners; Basic Principles for the Treatment 24 For a definition of law enforcement officials, see art. 1 (a) and (b) of the Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials, available at http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/codeofconduct.htm. 18