A/HRC/32/22 Asabe Shehu Yar’ Adua 118. Asabe Shehu Yar’ Adua stressed that the impact of corruption on human rights was not confined within national borders. In its view, corruption weakened the accountability structures responsible for protecting human rights. The organization observed that corruption had a negative impact in particular on the disadvantaged segments of the population. It suggested that putting in place procedures for claiming human rights was an effective mechanism for combating corruption as human rights principles and institutions were essential components of successful and sustainable anti-corruption strategies. It also drew attention to the possibility of using regional and international human rights monitoring mechanisms to combat corruption. It suggested establishing joint committees of anti-corruption agencies and national human rights institutions. Brazilian Association of Women in Defence of Children and Adolescents 119. The Brazilian Association of Women in Defence of Children and Adolescents highlighted the importance of transparency in fiscal management, in particular the legal obligation to disclose public spending and all financial transactions, which it considered to be the main tool for combating corruption. It drew attention to the Clean Record Law, which disqualified politicians who were convicted of violations of electoral statutes or crimes involving the use of public funds, including corruption, from running for office for at least eight years. It also drew attention to the corruption-specific recommendations contained in International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 26000 on social responsibility. With regard to the protection of victims and witnesses, the organization expressed concern over lack of commitment and budgets for the implementation of the various programmes. Center for Grassroot Development and Crime Prevention 120. The Center for Grassroot Development and Crime Prevention drew attention to the negative impact of corruption on the enjoyment of human rights, in particular the right to health. The organization recommended, inter alia, imposing severe penalties for crimes of corruption, enforcing laws that aimed to prevent and suppress corruption, strengthening witness protection and providing incentives to change attitudes and behaviour with regard to corruption. International Police Executive Symposium 121. The International Police Executive Symposium suggested distinguishing between petty and grand corruption. The former tended to be pervasive, involving small amounts of money, and was best tackled by addressing the economic conditions and culture of work of public servants. The latter involved large amounts, often saved in bank accounts or invested in developed countries, and was best tackled by preventing the corruptor from enjoying the benefits. With regard to police corruption, the organization recommended that efforts be made to professionalize police forces. National Association for the Fight against Corruption 122. The National Association for the Fight against Corruption drew attention to the direct and indirect negative consequences of corruption on the human rights of individuals, groups and society. 123. The organization supported complementing traditional anti-corruption efforts, which focused on suppression and to a lesser degree on prevention and reparation, by a human rights-based approach, which was victim-centred. 16